what lies in a name ?

B-C Relationship model

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Sun, 22 Nov 2009 12:23:00 +0000

B-C relationship is universal and can be found anywhere in the earth and even beyond earth.

The advantage of B-C is that all involved in the relation are benefited from this relation.

the slandered notation for a B-C relationship is explained in the following paragraph.

consider a B-C relationship involving b number of B's and c number of C's then the B-C relationship is denoted as
(b,c)

Zeroth law of B-C relation

Every B is attracted each and every C and vice-versa

Points to Ponder

-B is sometimes referred as Buffaloes and C as Crows.
-The region where most number of crows are found is referred as Crowland or Kakkanadu.
-the B with most number of C's is referred as Big B!

Dedicated B and Dedicated C

A B is said to be dedicated if the B is having relation to only a single C . also note that here C can have n number of B's .

similarly a C is said to be dedicated if the C is having relation to only a single B . also note that here B can have n number of B's .

Shared B and shared C

A B is said to be shared if the B is having relations to more than one C . also note that here C can be dedicated or shared.

similarly a C is said to be shared if the C is having relations to more than one B . also note that here B can be dedicated or shared.

Rules Governing sharing of B and C

1. Once B or C is shared it cant be made dedicated

also note that when a C is shared there are chances of datas inside C to be manhandled and hence cant be made dedicated.

In case of B special complicated methods are employed to make shared B to dedicated B. these methods are beyond the scope of this thesis.

B-C postulates

1.For B's in a schema to be happy either of the two conditions mentioned below or both should occur

a.Number of B's in the schema should decrease

b.Number of C's in the schema should increase

2.For C's in a schema to be happy either of the two conditions mentioned below or both should occur

a.Number of C's in the schema should decrease

b.Number of B's in the schema should increase

key

B ---- boys

C --- girls

FOLDER LOCK SIMPLY USING NOTE PAD

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Wed, 19 Nov 2008 12:03:00 +0000

Lock ur folder without software (WORKS IN WINDOWS 98 AND LATER 32 BIT VERSIONS)

Ex:Suppose you want to lock the folder lucky in d: which has the path :-

D:\lucky. In the same drive create a text file and type the following

ren lucky lucky.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B303

09D}

Now save this text file as lock.bat

Create another text file and type the following

ren lucky.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} lucky

Now save this text file as key.bat

Now you can see 2 batch files lock and key.

TO LOCK: Press lock and the folder lucky will change to control panel and you cannot view its contents.

TO UNLOCK: Press key and you will get back your original folder.

RECORDS

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Tue, 11 Nov 2008 09:50:00 +0000

Just have look at the records held by Sachin Tendulkar.

New Records................
1. Highest Run scorer in the Test Cricket
2. First Cricketer to pass 12000 run in the Test Cricket

Records Held by Sachin Tendulkar
1. Highest Run scorer in the ODI
2. Most number of hundreds in the ODI 41
3. Most number of nineties in the ODI
4. Most number of man of the matches(56) in the ODI's
5. Most number of man of the series(14) in ODI's
6. Best average for man of the matches in ODI's
7. First Cricketer to pass 10000 run in the ODI
8. First Cricketer to pass 15000 run in the ODI
9. He is the highest run scorer in the world cup (1,796 at an average of 59.87 as on 20 March 2007)
10. Most number of the man of the matches in the world cup
11. Most number of runs 1996 world cup 523 runs in the 1996 Cricket World Cup at an average of 87.16
12. Most number of runs in the 2003 world cup 673 runs in 2003 Cricket World Cup, highest by any player in a single Cricket World Cup
13. He was Player of the World Cup Tournament in the 2003 Cricket World Cup.
14. Most number of Fifties in ODI's 87
15. Appeared in Most Number of ODI's 407
16. He is the only player to be in top 10 ICC ranking for 10 years.
17. Most number of 100's in test's 38
18. He is one of the three batsmen to surpass 11,000 runs in Test cricket, and the first Indian to do so
19. He is thus far the only cricketer to receive the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India 's highest sporting honor
20. In 2003, Wisden rated Tendulkar as d No. 1 and Richards at No. 2 in all time Greatest ODI player
21. In 2002, Wisden rated him as the second greatest Test batsman after Sir Donald Bradman.
22. he was involved in unbroken 664-run partnership in a Harris Shield game in 1988 with friend and team mate Vinod Kambli,
23. Tendulkar is the only player to score a century in all three of his Ranji Trophy, Duleep Trophy and Irani Trophy debuts
24. In 1992, at the age of 19, Tendulkar became the first overseas born player to represent Yorkshire
25. Tendulkar has been granted the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award and Padma Shri by Indian government. He is the only Indian cricketer to get all of them.
26. Tendulkar has scored over 1000 runs in a calendar year in ODI's 7 times
27. Tendulkar has scored 1894 runs in calendar year in ODI's most by any batsman
28. He is the highest earning cricketer in the world
29. He has the least percentage of the man of the matches awards won when team looses a match.. Out of his 56 man of the match awards only 5 times India has lost.
30. Tendulkar most number man of match awards(10) against Australia
31. In August of 2003, Sachin Tendulkar was voted as the "Greatest Sportsman" of the country in the sport personalities category in the Best of India poll conducted by Zee News.
32. In November 2006, Time magazine named Tendulkar as one of the Asian Heroes.
33. In December 2006, he was named "Sports person of the Year
34. The current India Poised campaign run by The Times of India has nominated him as the Face of New India next to the likes of Amartya Sen and Mahatma Gandhi among others.
35. Tendulkar was the first batsman in history to score over 50 centuries in international cricket
36. Tendulkar was the first batsman in history to score over 75 centuries in international cricket:79 centuries
37. Has the most overall runs in cricket, (ODIs+Tests+Twenty20s), as of 30 June 2007 he had accumulated almost 26,000 runs overall.
38. Is second on the most number of runs in test cricket just after Brian Lara
39. Sachin Tendulkar with Sourav Ganguly hold the world record for the maximum number of runs scored by the opening partnership. They have put together 6,271 runs in 128 matches
40. The 20 century partnerships for opening pair with Sourav Ganguly is a world record
41. Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid hold the world record for the highest partnership in ODI matches when they scored 331 runs against New Zealand in 1999
42. Sachin Tendulkar has been involved in six 200 run partnerships in ODI matches - a record that he shares with Sourav Ganguly and Rahul Dravid
43. Most Centuries in a calendar year: 9 ODI centuries in 1998
44. Only player to have over 100 innings of 50+ runs (41 Centuries and 87 Fifties)(as of 18th Nov, 2007)
45. the only player ever to cross the 13,000-14,000 and 15,000 run marks IN ODI.
46. Highest individual score among Indian batsmen (186* against New Zealand at Hyderabad in 1999).
47. The score of 186* is listed the fifth highest score recorded in ODI matches
48. Tendulkar has scored over 1000 ODI runs against all major Cricketing nations.
49. Sachin was the fastest to reach 10,000 runs taking 259 innings and has the highest batting average among batsmen with over 10,000 ODI runs
50. Most number of Stadium Appearances: 90 different Grounds
51. Consecutive ODI Appearances: 185
52. On his debut, Sachin Tendulkar was the second youngest debutant in the world
53. When Tendulkar scored his maiden century in 1990, he was the second youngest to score a century
54. Tendulkar's record of five test centuries before he turned 20 is a current world record
55. Tendulkar holds the current record (217 against NZ in 1999/00 Season) for the highest score in Test cricket by an Indian when captaining the side
56. Tendulkar has scored centuries against all test playing nations.[7] He was the third batman to achieve the distinction after Steve Waugh and Gary Kirsten
57. Tendulkar has 4 seasons in test cricket with 1000 or more runs - 2002 (1392 runs), 1999 (1088 runs), 2001 (1003 runs) and 1997 (1000 runs).[6] Gavaskar is the only other Indian with four seasons of 1000+ runs
58. He is second most number of seasons with over 1000 runs in world.
59. On 3 January 2007 Sachin Tendulkar (5751) edged past Brian Lara's (5736) world record of runs scored in Tests away from home
60. Tendulkar and Brian Lara are the fastest to score 10,000 runs in Test cricket history. Both of them achieved this in 195 innings
61. Second Indian after Sunil Gavaskar to make over 10,000 runs in Test matches
62. Became the first Indian to surpass the 11,000 Test run mark and the third International player behind Allan Border and Brian Lara.
63. Tendulkar is fourth on the list of players with most Test caps. Steve Waugh (168 Tests), Allan Border (158 Tests), Shane Warne (145 Tests) have appeared in more games than Tendulkar
64. Tendulkar has played the most number of Test Matches(144) for India (Kapil Dev is second with 131 Test appearances).
65. First to 25,000 international runs
66. Tendulkar's 25,016 runs in international cricket include 14,537 runs in ODI's, 10,469 Tests runs and 10 runs in the lone Twenty20 that India has played.
67. On December 10, 2005, Tendulkar made his 35th century in Tests at Delhi against Sri Lanka . He surpassed Sunil Gavaskar's record of 34 centuries to become the man with the most number of hundreds in Test cricket.
68. Tendulkar is the only player who has 150 wkts and more than 15000 runs in ODI
69. Tendulkar is the only player who has 40 wkts and more than 11000 runs in Tests
70. Only batsman to have 100 hundreds in the first class cricket

Dr.Manmohan Singh’s Speech in the Parliament

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Wed, 23 Jul 2008 17:07:00 +0000

"The Leader of Opposition, Shri L.K. Advani has chosen to use all manner of abusive objectives to describe my performance. He has described me as the weakest Prime Minister, a nikamma PM, and of having devalued the office of PM. To fulfill his ambitions, he has made at least three attempts to topple our government. But on each occasion his astrologers have misled him. This pattern, I am sure, will be repeated today. At his ripe old age, I do not expect Shri Advani to change his thinking. But for his sake and India’s sake, I urge him at least to change his astrologers so that he gets more accurate predictions of things to come.

As for Shri Advani’s various charges, I do not wish to waste the time of the House in rebutting them. All I can say is that before leveling charges of incompetence on others, Shri Advani should do some introspection. Can our nation forgive a Home Minister who slept when the terrorists were knocking at the doors of our Parliament? Can our nation forgive a person who single handedly provided the inspiration for the destruction of the Babri Masjid with all the terrible consequences that followed? To atone for his sins, he suddenly decided to visit Pakistan and there he discovered new virtues in Mr. Jinnah. Alas, his own party and his mentors in the RSS disowned him on this issue. Can our nation approve the conduct of a Home Minister who was sleeping while Gujarat was burning leading to the loss of thousands of innocent lives? Our friends in the Left Front should ponder over the company they are forced to keep because of miscalculations by their General Secretary.

As for my conduct, it is for this august House and the people of India to judge. All I can say is that in all these years that I have been in office, whether as Finance Minister or Prime Minister, I have felt it as a sacred obligation to use the levers of power as a societal trust to be used for transforming our economy and polity, so that we can get rid of poverty, ignorance and disease which still afflict millions of our people. This is a long and arduous journey. But every step taken in this direction can make a difference. And that is what we have sought to do in the last four years. How far we have succeeded is something I leave to the judgement of the people of India.

When I look at the composition of the opportunistic group opposed to us, it is clear to me that the clash today is between two alternative visions of India’s future. The one vision represented by the UPA and our allies seeks to project India as a self confident and united nation moving forward to gain its rightful place in the comity of nations, making full use of the opportunities offered by a globalised world, operating on the frontiers of modern science and technology and using modern science and technology as important instruments of national economic and social development. The opposite vision is of a motley crowd opposed to us who have come together to share the spoils of office to promote their sectional, sectarian and parochial interests. Our Left colleagues should tell us whether Shri L.K. Advani is acceptable to them as a Prime Ministerial candidate. Shri L.K. Advani should enlighten us if he will step aside as Prime Ministerial candidate of the opposition in favour of the choice of UNPA. They should take the country into confidence on this important issue.

I have already stated in my opening remarks that the House has been dragged into this debate unnecessarily. I wish our attention had not been diverted from some priority areas of national concern. These priorities are :

(i) Tackling the imported inflation caused by steep increase in oil prices. Our effort is to control inflation without hurting the rate of growth and employment.

(ii) To revitalize agriculture. We have decisively reversed the declining trend of investment and resource flow in agriculture. The Finance Minister has dealt with the measures we have taken in this regard. We have achieved a record foodgrain production of 231 million tones. But we need to redouble our efforts to improve agricultural productivity.

(iii) To improve the effectiveness of our flagship pro poor programmes such as National Rural Employment Programme, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Nation-wide Mid day meal programme, Bharat Nirman to improve the quality of rural infrastructure of roads, electricity, safe drinking water, sanitation, irrigation, National Rural Health Mission and the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. These programmes are yielding solid results. But a great deal more needs to be done to improve the quality of implementation.

(iv) We have initiated a major thrust in expanding higher education. The objective is to expand the gross enrolment ratio in higher education from 11.6 per cent to 15 per cent by the end of the 11th Plan and to 21% by the end of 12th Plan. To meet these goals, we have an ambitious programme which seeks to create 30 new universities, of which 14 will be world class, 8 new IITs, 7 new IIMs, 20 new IIITs, 5 new IISERs, 2 Schools of planning and Architecture, 10 NITs, 373 new degree colleges and 1000 new polytechnics. And these are not just plans. Three new IISERs are already operational and the remaining two will become operational from the 2008-09 academic session. Two SPAs will be starting this year. Six of the new IITs start their classes this year. The establishment of the new universities is at an advanced stage of planning.

(v) A nation wide Skill Development Programme and the enactment of the Right to Education Act,

(vi) Approval by Parliament of the new Rehabilitation and Resettlement policy and enactment of legislation to provide social security benefits to workers in the unorganized sector.

(vii) The new 15 Point Programme for Minorities, the effective implementation of empowerment programmes for the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, paying particular emphasis on implementation of Land Rights for the tribals.

(viii) Equally important is the effective implementation of the Right to Information Act to impart utmost transparency to processes of governance. The Administrative Reforms Commission has made valuable suggestions to streamline the functioning of our public administration.

(ix) To deal firmly with terrorist elements, left wing extremism and communal elements that are attempting to undermine the security and stability of the country. We have been and will continue to vigorously pursue investigations in the major terrorist incidents that have taken place. Charge-sheets have been filed in almost all the cases. Our intelligence agencies and security forces are doing an excellent job in very difficult circumstances. They need our full support. We will take all possible steps to streamline their functioning and strengthen their effectiveness.

Considerable work has been done in all these areas but debates like the one we are having detract our attention from attending to these essential programmes and remaining items on our agenda. All the same, we will redouble our efforts to attend to these areas of priority concerns.

I say in all sincerity that this session and debate was unnecessary because I have said on several occasions that our nuclear agreement after being endorsed by the IAEA and the Nuclear Suppliers Group would be submitted to this august House for expressing its view. All I had asked our Left colleagues was : please allow us to go through the negotiating process and I will come to Parliament before operationalising the nuclear agreement. This simple courtesy which is essential for orderly functioning of any Government worth the name, particularly with regard to the conduct of foreign policy, they were not willing to grant me. They wanted a veto over every single step of negotiations which is not acceptable. They wanted me to behave as their bonded slave. The nuclear agreement may not have been mentioned in the Common Minimum Programme. However, there was an explicit mention of the need to develop closer relations with the USA but without sacrificing our independent foreign policy. The Congress Election Manifesto had explicitly referred to the need for strategic engagement with the USA and other great powers such as Russia.

In 1991, while presenting the Budget for 1991-92, as Finance Minister, I had stated : No power on earth can stop an idea whose time has come. I had then suggested to this august House that the emergence of India as a major global power was an idea whose time had come.

Carrying forward the process started by Shri Rajiv Gandhi of preparing India for the 21st century, I outlined a far reaching programme of economic reform whose fruits are now visible to every objective person. Both the Left and the BJP had then opposed the reform. Both had said we had mortgaged the economy to America and that we would bring back the East India Company. Subsequently both these parties have had a hand at running the Government. None of these parties have reversed the direction of economic policy laid down by the Congress Party in 1991. The moral of the story is that political parties should be judged not by what they say while in opposition but by what they do when entrusted with the responsibilities of power.

I am convinced that despite their opportunistic opposition to the nuclear agreement, history will compliment the UPA Government for having taken another giant step forward to lead India to become a major power centre of the evolving global economy. Jawaharlal Nehru’s vision of using atomic energy as a major instrument of development will become a living reality.

What is the nuclear agreement about? It is all about widening our development options, promoting energy security in a manner which will not hurt our precious environment and which will not contribute to pollution and global warming.

India needs to grow at the rate of at least ten per cent per annum to get rid of chronic poverty, ignorance and disease which still afflict millions of our people. A basic requirement for achieving this order of growth is the availability of energy, particularly electricity. We need increasing quantities of electricity to support our agriculture, industry and to give comfort to our householders. The generation of electricity has to grow at an annual rate of 8 to 10 per cent.

Now, hydro-carbons are one source of generating power and for meeting our energy requirements. But our production of hydro-carbons both of oil and gas is far short of our growing requirements. We are heavily dependent on imports. We all know the uncertainty of supplies and of prices of imported hydro-carbons.

We have to diversify our sources of energy supply.

We have large reserves of coal but even these are inadequate to meet all our needs by 2050. But more use of coal will have an adverse impact on pollution and climate. We can develop hydro-power and we must. But many of these projects hurt the environment and displace large number of people. We must develop renewable sources of energy particularly solar energy. But we must also make full use of atomic energy which is a clean environment friendly source of energy. All over the world, there is growing realization of the importance of atomic energy to meet the challenge of energy security and climate change.

India’s atomic scientists and technologists are world class. They have developed nuclear energy capacities despite heavy odds. But there are handicaps which have adversely affected our atomic energy programme. First of all, we have inadequate production of uranium. Second, the quality of our uranium resources is not comparable to those of other producers.Third, after the Pokharan nuclear test of 1974 and 1998 the outside world has imposed embargo on trade with India in nuclear materials, nuclear equipment and nuclear technology. As a result, our nuclear energy programme has suffered. Some twenty years ago, the Atomic Energy Commission had laid down a target of 10000 MW of electricity generation by the end of the twentieth century. Today, in 2008 our capacity is about 4000 MW and due to shortage of uranium many of these plants are operating at much below their capacity.

The nuclear agreement that we wish to negotiate will end India’s nuclear isolation, nuclear apartheid and enable us to take advantage of international trade in nuclear materials, technologies and equipment. It will open up new opportunities for trade in dual use high technologies opening up new pathways to accelerate industrialization of our country. Given the excellent quality of our nuclear scientists and technologists, I have reasons to believe that in a reasonably short period of time, India would emerge as an important exporter of nuclear technologies, and equipment for civilian purposes.

When I say this I am reminded of the visionary leadership of Shri Rajiv Gandhi who was a strong champion of computerization and use of information technologies for nation building. At that time, many people laughed at this idea. Today, information technology and software is a sun-rise industry with an annual turnover soon approaching 50 billion US dollars. I venture to think that our atomic energy industry will play a similar role in the transformation of India’s economy.

The essence of the matter is that the agreements that we negotiate with USA, Russia, France and other nuclear countries will enable us to enter into international trade for civilian use without any interference with our strategic nuclear programme. The strategic programme will continue to be developed at an autonomous pace determined solely by our own security perceptions. We have not and we will not accept any outside interference or monitoring or supervision of our strategic programme. Our strategic autonomy will never be compromised. We are willing to look at possible amendments to our Atomic Energy Act to reinforce our solemn commitment that our strategic autonomy will never be compromised.

I confirm that there is nothing in these agreements which prevents us from further nuclear tests if warranted by our national security concerns. All that we are committed to is a voluntary moratorium on further testing. Thus the nuclear agreements will not in any way affect our strategic autonomy. The cooperation that the international community is now willing to extend to us for trade in nuclear materials, technologies and equipment for civilian use will be available to us without signing the NPT or the CTBT.

This I believe is a measure of the respect that the world at large has for India, its people and their capabilities and our prospects to emerge as a major engine of growth for the world economy. I have often said that today there are no international constraints on India’s development. The world marvels at our ability to seek our social and economic salvation in the framework of a functioning democracy committed to the rule of law and respect for fundamental human freedoms. The world wants India to succeed. The obstacles we face are at home, particularly in our processes of domestic governance.

I wish to remind the House that in 1998 when the Pokharan II tests were undertaken, the Group of Eight leading developed countries had passed a harsh resolution condemning India and called upon India to sign the NPT and CTBT. Today, at the Hokkaido meeting of the G-8 held recently in Japan, the Chairman’s summary has welcomed cooperation in civilian nuclear energy between India and the international community. This is a measure of the sea change in the perceptions of the international community our trading with India for civilian nuclear energy purposes that has come about in less than ten years.

Our critics falsely accuse us, that in signing these agreements, we have surrendered the independence of foreign policy and made it subservient to US interests. In this context, I wish to point out that the cooperation in civil nuclear matters that we seek is not confined to the USA. Change in the NSG guidelines would be a passport to trade with 45 members of the Nuclear Supplier Group which includes Russia, France, and many other countries.

We appreciate the fact that the US has taken the lead in promoting cooperation with India for nuclear energy for civilian use. Without US initiative, India’s case for approval by the IAEA or the Nuclear Suppliers Group would not have moved forward.

But this does not mean that there is any explicit or implicit constraint on India to pursue an independent foreign policy determined by our own perceptions of our enlightened national interest. Some people are spreading the rumours that there are some secret or hidden agreements over and above the documents made public. I wish to state categorically that there are no secret or hidden documents other than the 123 agreement, the Separation Plan and the draft of the safeguard agreement with the IAEA. It has also been alleged that the Hyde Act will affect India’s ability to pursue an independent foreign policy. The Hyde Act does exist and it provides the US administration the authorization to enter into civil nuclear cooperation with India without insistence on full scope safeguards and without signing of the NPT. There are some prescriptive clauses but they cannot and they will not be allowed to affect in any way the conduct of our foreign policy. Our commitment is to what has been agreed in the 123 Agreement. There is nothing in this Agreement which will affect our strategic autonomy or our ability to pursue an independent foreign policy. I state categorically that our foreign policy, will at all times be determined by our own assessment of our national interest. This has been true in the past and will be true in future regarding our relations with big powers as well as with our neighbours in West Asia, notably Iran, Iraq, Palestine and the Gulf countries.

We have differed with the USA on their intervention in Iraq. I had explicitly stated at a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington DC in July 2005 that intervention in Iraq was a big mistake. With regard to Iran, our advice has been in favour of moderation and we would like that the issues relating to Iran’s nuclear programme which have emerged should be resolved through dialogue and discussions in the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

I should also inform the House that our relations with the Arab world are very good. Two years ago, His Majesty, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia was the Chief Guest at our Republic Day. More recently, we have played host to the President of Iran, President of Syria, the King of Jordan, the Emir of Qatar and the Emir of Kuwait. With all these countries we have historic civilisational and cultural links which we are keen to further develop to our mutual benefit. Today, we have strategic relationship with all major powers including USA, Russia, France, UK, Germany, Japan, China, Brazil, Nigeria and South Africa. We are Forging new partnerships with countries of East Asia, South East Asia and Africa.

CONCLUSION

The Management and governance of the world’s largest, most diverse and most vibrant democracy is the greatest challenge any person can be entrusted with, in this world. It has been my good fortune that I was entrusted with this challenge over four years ago. I thank with all sincerity the Chairperson of the UPA, the leaders of the Constituent Parties of the UPA and every member of my Party for the faith and trust they reposed in me. I once again recall with gratitude the guidance and support I have received from Shri Jyoti Basu and Sardar Harkishen Singh Surjeet.

I have often said that I am a politician by accident. I have held many diverse responsibilities. I have been a teacher, I have been an official of the Government of India, I have been a member of this greatest of Parliaments, but I have never forgotten my life as a young boy in a distant village.

Every day that I have been Prime Minister of India I have tried to remember that the first ten years of my life were spent in a village with no drinking water supply, no electricity, no hospital, no roads and nothing that we today associate with modern living. I had to walk miles to school, I had to study in the dim light of a kerosene oil lamp. This nation gave me the opportunity to ensure that such would not be the life of our children in the foreseeable future.

Sir, my conscience is clear that on every day that I have occupied this high office, I have tried to fulfill the dream of that young boy from that distant village.

The greatness of democracy is that we are all birds of passage! We are here today, gone tomorrow! But in the brief time that the people of India entrust us with this responsibility, it is our duty to be honest and sincere in the discharge of these responsibilities. As it is said in our sacred texts, we are responsible for our actions and we must act without coveting the rewards of such action. Whatever I have done in this high office I have done so with a clear conscience and the best interests of my country and our people at heart. I have no other claims to make."

Mr.Omar Abdullah - speech on confidence motion

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Wed, 23 Jul 2008 16:59:00 +0000

“I am a Muslim and I am an Indian, and I see no distinction between the two. I don’t know why should I fear the nuclear deal. It is a deal between two countries which, I hope, will become two equals in the future. The enemies of Indian Muslims are not America or deals like these. The enemies are the same as the enemies of all those who are poor — poverty, hunger, lack of development and the absence of a voice.
Today, the Left is telling me that all secular parties should stand with the BJP to bring down this government. The same Left treated me like a political untouchable when I was with the NDA.
I am not a member of the UPA and don’t aspire to be one. I made a mistake to be with the NDA, especially after Gujarat riots happened. My conscience had asked me to quit NDA but I didn’t. My conscience has still not forgiven me.
Until the day there is even a single Muslim in Kashmir, from Srinagar to Amarnath, the Amarnath yatra will not be allowed to stop."

Nokia 6555

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Tue, 15 Jul 2008 16:58:00 +0000

Nokia has released their new 3G mobile phone today, the 6555. Nokia 6555 is the first WCDMA phone with a smooth-back fold design. It has a QVGA 16 million color internal display on a large 240×320 screen, 30MB internal memory, microSD slot, Bluetooth and the self-portrait and video sharing camera. The Nokia 6555 will be available next month with an estimated retail price of Euro 200 excluding tax and subsidies. More pictures after the jump

Willcom 03 smartphone

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Tue, 15 Jul 2008 16:57:00 +0000

Willcom 03 smartphone

Willcom 03 aka Sharp WS020SH is a smartphone which runs on Windows Mobile 6.1 Classic. It comes with an LCD WVGA (800×480) 3′’ touchscreen, a QWERTY keyboard and a multidirectional pad, 1Seg tuner, 256MB memory, microSD and W-SIM slots, and a 2.0-megapixel camera with auto focus. More pictures available after the break.

Sony Ericsson concept phone

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Tue, 15 Jul 2008 16:50:00 +0000

Cool A828 looks like Sony Ericsson concept phone

Looks like someone has steal some of the design to their production. Check out the Cool A828, it’s looks just the same, cool huh. It runs on GSM 900 / 1800 Mhz network and comes with a 0.3-megapixel camera, 1GB of storage, Bluetooth connectivity and support MP3 and MP4 playback. The Cool A828 is available for $96. Check out more pictures after the break.

AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY FOR THE APPLICATION OF SAFEGUARDS TO CIVILIAN NUCLEAR FACILITIES

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 16:42:00 +0000

RECOGNIZING the significance India attaches to civilian nuclear energy as an efficient, clean and sustainable energy source for meeting global energy demand, in particular for meeting India's growing energy needs;

WHEREAS India is committed to the full development of its national three-stage nuclear programme to meet the twin challenges of energy security and protection of the environment;

WHEREAS India has a sovereign and inalienable right to carry out nuclear research and development activities for the welfare of its people and other peaceful purposes;

WHEREAS India, a State with advanced nuclear technology, wishes to expand civil nuclear cooperation for its national development;

WHEREAS India is desirous of further expanding cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (hereinafter referred to as "the Agency") and its Member States with the

objective of the full development and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, on a stable, reliable and predictable basis;

WHEREAS India supports the role of the Agency in the promotion of the safe and peaceful uses of nuclear energy as set forth in the Statute of the Agency (hereinafter referred to as the "Statute");

WHEREAS India and the Agency have long standing cooperation in various aspects of the Agency's activities;

RECOGNIZING that such cooperation between India and the Agency must be carried out with full respect for the objectives of the Statute and with due observance of the sovereign rights of India;

WHEREAS the Statute authorizes the Agency to apply safeguards, at the request of the parties, to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement, or at the request of a State to any of the State's activities in the field of atomic energy and, in this context:

Noting the relevance for this Agreement of the understandings between India and the United States of America expressed in the India-U.S. Joint Statement of 18 July 2005, in which India, inter alia, has stated its willingness:

 to identify and separate its civilian and military nuclear facilities and programmes in a phased manner;

 to file with the Agency a declaration regarding its civilian nuclear facilities (hereinafter referred to as "the Declaration");

 to take a decision to place voluntarily its civilian nuclear facilities under Agency safeguards;

Noting also for the purposes of this Agreement that:

 India will place its civilian nuclear facilities under Agency safeguards so as to facilitate full civil nuclear cooperation between India and Member States of the Agency and to provide assurance against withdrawal of safeguarded nuclear material from civilian use at any time;

 An essential basis of India's concurrence to accept Agency safeguards under an India-specific safeguards agreement (hereinafter referred to as "this Agreement") is the conclusion of international cooperation arrangements creating the necessary conditions for India to obtain access to the international fuel market, including reliable, uninterrupted and continuous access to fuel supplies from companies in several nations, as well as support for an Indian effort to develop a strategic reserve of nuclear fuel to guard against any disruption of supply over the lifetime of India's reactors; and

 India may take corrective measures to ensure uninterrupted operation of its civilian nuclear reactors in the event of disruption of foreign fuel supplies;

WHEREAS India is desirous of expanding civil nuclear cooperation with other Member States of the Agency;

WHEREAS the conclusion of this Agreement is intended to facilitate the broadest possible cooperation between India and Member States of the Agency in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and ensure international participation in the further development of India's civilian nuclear programme on a sustained and long-term basis;

RECALLING that the Agency in accordance with its Statute and safeguards system must take into account, in the implementation of safeguards in India, the need to avoid hampering the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, economic and technological development or international cooperation in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy; respect health, safety and physical protection and related security provisions in force in India; and take every precaution to protect commercial, technological and industrial secrets as well as other confidential information coming to its knowledge;

WHEREAS the frequency and intensity of activities described in this Agreement shall be kept to the minimum consistent with the objective of effective and efficient Agency safeguards;

WHEREAS India has requested the Agency to apply safeguards with respect to items subject to this Agreement;

WHEREAS the Board of Governors of the Agency (hereinafter referred to as the "Board") acceded to that request on …………;

NOW THEREFORE, taking into account the above, India and the Agency have agreed as follows:

I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

A. BASIC UNDERTAKINGS

1. India undertakes that none of the items subject to this Agreement, as defined in paragraph 11, shall be used for the manufacture of any nuclear weapon or to further any other military purpose and that such items shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and shall not be used for the manufacture of any nuclear explosive device.

2. The Agency undertakes to apply safeguards, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, to the items subject to this Agreement, as defined in paragraph 11, so as to ensure, as far as it is able, that no such item is used for the manufacture of any nuclear weapon or to further any other military purpose and that such items are used exclusively for peaceful purposes and not for the manufacture of any nuclear explosive device.

B. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

3. The purpose of safeguards under this Agreement is to guard against withdrawal of safeguarded nuclear material from civilian use at any time.

4. The application of safeguards under this Agreement is intended to facilitate implementation of relevant bilateral or multilateral arrangements to which India is a party, which are essential to the accomplishment of the objective of this Agreement.

5. Bearing in mind Article II of the Statute, the Agency shall implement safeguards in a manner designed to avoid hampering India's economic or technological development, and not to hinder or otherwise interfere with any activities involving the use by India of nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment, components, information or technology produced, acquired or developed by India independent of this Agreement for its own purposes.

6. The safeguards procedures set forth in this document shall be implemented in a manner designed to be consistent with prudent management practices required for the economic and safe conduct of nuclear activities.

7. In implementing safeguards, the Agency shall take every precaution to protect commercial and industrial secrets. No member of the Agency's staff shall disclose, except to the Director General and to such other members of the staff as the Director General may authorize to have such information by reason of their official duties in connection with safeguards, any commercial or industrial secret or any other confidential information coming to his knowledge by reason of the implementation of safeguards by the Agency.

8. The Agency shall not publish or communicate to any State, organization or person any information obtained by it in connection with the implementation of safeguards in India, except that:

(a) Specific information relating to such implementation in India may be given to the Board and to such Agency staff members as require such knowledge by reason of their official duties in connection with safeguards, but only to the extent necessary for the Agency to fulfil its safeguards responsibilities;

(b) Summarized lists of items being safeguarded by the Agency may be published upon decision of the Board; and

9. In the light of Article XII.A.5 of the Statute, safeguards shall continue with respect to produced special fissionable material and to any materials substituted therefor.

10. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect other rights and obligations of India under international law.

II. CIRCUMSTANCES REQUIRING SAFEGUARDS

A. ITEMS SUBJECT TO THIS AGREEMENT

11. The items subject to this Agreement shall be:

(a) Any facility listed in the Annex to this Agreement, as notified by India pursuant to paragraph 14(a) of this Agreement;

(b) Any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components supplied to India which are required to be safeguarded pursuant to a bilateral or multilateral arrangement to which India is a party;

(c) Any nuclear material, including subsequent generations of special fissionable material, produced, processed or used in or by the use of a facility listed in the Annex or in or by the use of any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components referred to in paragraph 11(b);

(d) Any nuclear material substituted in accordance with paragraph 27 or 30(d) of this Agreement for nuclear material referred to in paragraph 11(b) or 11(c) of this Agreement;

(e) Any heavy water substituted in accordance with paragraph 32 of this Agreement for heavy water subject to this Agreement;

(f) Any facility other than a facility identified in paragraph 11(a) above, or any other location in India, while producing, processing, using, fabricating or storing any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment or components referred to in paragraph 11(b), (c), (d) or (e) of this Agreement, as notified by India pursuant to paragraph 14(b) of this Agreement.

12. The scope of this Agreement is limited to the items subject to this Agreement as defined in paragraph 11 above.

Declaration

13. Upon entry into force of this Agreement, and a determination by India that all conditions conducive to the accomplishment of the objective of this Agreement are in place, India shall file with the Agency a Declaration, based on its sovereign decision to place voluntarily its civilian nuclear facilities under Agency safeguards in a phased manner.

Notifications

14.

(a) India, on the basis of its sole determination, shall notify the Agency in writing of its decision to offer for Agency safeguards a facility identified by India in the Declaration referred to in paragraph 13, or any other facility to be determined by India. Any facility so notified by India to the Agency will be included in the Annex, and become subject to this Agreement, as of the date of receipt by the Agency of such written notification from India.

(b) Should India, on the basis of its sole determination, decide to import or transfer any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment or components subject to this Agreement to any facility or other location in India provided for in paragraph 11(f) of this Agreement, it shall so notify the Agency. Any such facility or location so notified by India pursuant to this sub-paragraph shall become subject to this Agreement as of the date of receipt by the Agency of such written notification from India.

15. India shall notify the Agency of the receipt of any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components referred to in paragraph 11(b) of this Agreement within four weeks of the arrival in India of such nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components.

Provision of Information to the Agency

16. In the event that India's notification pursuant to paragraph 14(a) of this Agreement relates to a facility subject to Agency safeguards under another Safeguards Agreement or Agreements in India at the time of entry into force of this Agreement, India shall provide the Agency, along with the relevant notification, such information as is required pursuant to the other Safeguards Agreement or Agreements as relates to any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components subject to safeguards thereunder.

17. With respect to any other facility listed in the Annex pursuant to paragraph 14(a) of this Agreement, India shall provide the Agency, within four weeks of the relevant notification, with:

(a) a list of all nuclear material at each such facility; and

(b) where relevant, and if required pursuant to a bilateral or multilateral arrangement to which India is party, information relating to:

(i) Any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components supplied to India for production , processing, storage or use in such facility;

(ii) Any nuclear material, including subsequent generations of special fissionable material, produced, processed or used in or by the use of such facility or in or by the use of any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components supplied to India for production, processing or use in such facility.

18. Each notification pursuant to paragraph 15 of the Agreement shall include all information relevant to the nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components so notified, including the facility or location where the nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components so notified will be received.

19. The information provided by India pursuant to paragraphs 16, 17 and 18 of this Agreement shall specify, inter alia, to the extent relevant, the nuclear and chemical composition, physical form and quantity of the nuclear material; the date of shipment; the date of receipt; the identity of the consigner and the consignee; and any other relevant information, such as the type and capacity of any facility (or parts thereof), components or equipment; and the type and quantity of non-nuclear material. In the case of a facility or other location subject to this Agreement, the information to be provided shall include the type and capacity of that facility or location, and any other relevant information.

20. India shall thereafter notify the Agency by means of reports, in accordance with this Agreement, of any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components referred to in paragraph 11(b), (c), (d) or (e) of this Agreement. The Agency may verify the calculations of the amounts and/or quantities of such nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment and components, and appropriate adjustments shall be made by agreement between India and the Agency.

21. The Agency shall maintain an inventory of items subject to this Agreement. The Agency shall send a copy of the inventory it maintains with respect to such information to India every twelve months and also at any other times specified by India in a request communicated to the Agency at least two weeks in advance.

B. SAFEGUARDS UNDER OTHER AGREEMENTS

22. The application of Agency safeguards under other Safeguards Agreements concluded by India with the Agency and in force at the time of entry into force of this Agreement may, subject to agreement by the Parties to such other Safeguards Agreements and following notification by India of the relevant facilities pursuant to paragraph 14(a), be suspended while this Agreement is in force. The application of safeguards under this Agreement to nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment or components subject to safeguards under such other Agreements shall commence as of the date of receipt by the Agency of India's notification. India's undertaking not to use items subject thereto in such a way as to further any military purpose, and its undertaking that such items shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and shall not be used for the manufacture of any nuclear explosive device, shall continue to apply.

C. EXEMPTIONS FROM SAFEGUARDS

General Exemptions

23. Nuclear material that would otherwise be subject to safeguards shall be exempted from safeguards at the request of India, provided that the material so exempted in India may not at any time exceed:

(a) 1 kilogram in total of special fissionable material, which may consist of one or more of the following:

(i) Plutonium;

(ii) Uranium with an enrichment of 0.2 (20 %) and above, taken account of by multiplying its weight by its enrichment;

(iii) Uranium with an enrichment below 0.2 (20 %) and above that of natural uranium, taken account of by multiplying its weight by five times the square of its enrichment;

(b) 10 metric tons in total of natural uranium and depleted uranium with an enrichment above 0.005 (0.5 %);

(d) 20 metric tons of thorium.

Exemptions Related to Reactors

24. Produced or used nuclear material that would otherwise be subject to safeguards because it is being or has been produced, processed or used in a reactor which has been supplied wholly or substantially under a project agreement, submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement by the parties to a bilateral or multilateral arrangement or unilaterally submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement; or because it is being or has been produced in or by the use of safeguarded nuclear material, shall be exempted from safeguards if:

(a) It is plutonium produced in the fuel of a reactor whose rate of production does not exceed 100 grams of plutonium per year; or

(b) It is produced in a reactor determined by the Agency to have a maximum calculated power for continuous operation of less than 3 thermal megawatts, or is used in such a reactor and would not be subject to safeguards except for such use, provided that the total power of the reactors with respect to which these exemptions apply in any State may not exceed 6 thermal megawatts.

25. Produced special fissionable material that would otherwise be subject to safeguards only because it has been produced in or by the use of safeguarded nuclear material shall in part be exempted from safeguards if it is produced in a reactor in which the ratio of fissionable isotopes within safeguarded nuclear material to all fissionable isotopes is less than 0.3 (calculated each time any change is made in the loading of the reactor and assumed to be maintained until the next such change). Such fraction of the produced material as corresponds to the calculated ratio shall be subject to safeguards.

D. SUSPENSION OF SAFEGUARDS

26. Safeguards with respect to nuclear material may be suspended while the material is transferred, under an arrangement or agreement approved by the Agency, for the purpose of processing, reprocessing, testing, research or development, within India or to any other Member State or to an international organization, provided that the quantities of nuclear material with respect to which safeguards are thus suspended in India may not at any time exceed:

(a) 1 effective kilogram of special fissionable material;

(b) 10 metric tons in total of natural uranium and depleted uranium with an enrichment 0.005 (0.5 %);

(d) 20 metric tons of thorium.

27. Safeguards with respect to nuclear material in irradiated fuel which is transferred for the purpose of reprocessing may also be suspended if the State or States concerned have, with the agreement of the Agency, placed under safeguards substitute nuclear material in accordance with paragraph 30(d) of this Agreement for the period of suspension. In addition, safeguards with respect to plutonium contained in irradiated fuel which is transferred for the purpose of reprocessing may be suspended for a period not to exceed six months if the State or States concerned have, with the agreement of the Agency, placed under safeguards a quantity of uranium whose enrichment in the isotope uranium-235 is not less than 0.9 (90%) and the uranium-235 content of which is equal in weight to such plutonium. Upon expiration of the said six months or the completion of reprocessing, whichever is earlier, safeguards shall, with the agreement of the Agency, be applied to such plutonium and shall cease to apply to the uranium substituted therefor.

28. Under conditions specified in the Subsidiary Arrangements, the Agency shall suspend safeguards with respect to any parts of the facilities listed in the Annex which are removed for maintenance or repair.

E. TERMINATION OF SAFEGUARDS

29. The termination of safeguards on items subject to this Agreement shall be implemented taking into account the provisions of GOV/1621 (20 August 1973).

30. Nuclear material shall no longer be subject to safeguards under this Agreement after:

(a) It has been returned to the State that originally supplied it (whether directly or through the Agency), if it was subject to safeguards only by reason of such supply and if:

(i) It was not improved while under safeguards; or

(ii) Any special fissionable material that was produced in it under safeguards has been separated out, or safeguards with respect to such produced material have been terminated ; or

(b) The Agency has determined that:

(i) It was subject to safeguards only by reason of its use in a principal nuclear facility which has been supplied wholly or substantially under a project agreement, submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement by the parties to a bilateral or multilateral arrangement or unilaterally submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement;

(ii) It has been removed from such a facility; and

(iii) Any special fissionable material that was produced in it under safeguards has been separated out, or safeguards with respect to such produced material have been terminated; or

(c) The Agency has determined that it has been consumed, or has been diluted in such a way that it is no longer usable for any nuclear activity relevant from the point of view of safeguards, or has become practicably irrecoverable; or

(d) India has, with the agreement of the Agency, placed under safeguards, as a substitute, such amount of the same element, not otherwise subject to safeguards, as the Agency has determined contains fissionable isotopes:

(i) Whose weight (with due allowance for processing losses) is equal to or greater than the weight of the fissionable isotopes of the material with respect to which safeguards are to terminate; and

(ii) Whose ratio by weight to the total substituted element is similar to or greater than the ratio by weight of the fissionable isotopes of the material with respect to which safeguards are to terminate to the total weight of such material;

provided that the Agency may agree to the substitution of plutonium for uranium-235 contained in uranium whose enrichment is not greater than 0.05 (5.0 %); or

(e) It has been transferred out of India under paragraph 33(d) of this Agreement, provided that such material shall again be subject to safeguards if it is returned to India; or

(f) The terms of this Agreement, pursuant to which it was subject to safeguards under this Agreement, no longer apply, by expiration of this Agreement or otherwise.

31. If India wishes to use safeguarded source material for non-nuclear purposes, such as the production of alloys or ceramics, it shall agree with the Agency on the circumstances under which the safeguards on such material may be terminated.

32. Safeguards shall be terminated on a facility listed in the Annex after India and the Agency have jointly determined that the facility is no longer usable for any nuclear activity relevant from the point of view of safeguards. Safeguards on non-nuclear material, equipment and components subject to this Agreement may be terminated as and when the non-nuclear material, equipment or components have been returned to the supplier or arrangements have been made by the Agency to safeguard the non-nuclear material, equipment or components in the State to which it is being transferred, or when India and the Agency have jointly determined that the non-nuclear material, equipment or component in question has been consumed, is no longer usable for any nuclear activity relevant from the point of view of safeguards or has become practicably irrecoverable. Safeguards may be terminated on heavy water upon India's placing under safeguards as substitute the same amount of heavy water of equivalent or better heavy water concentration.

F. TRANSFERS

33. No safeguarded nuclear material shall be transferred outside the jurisdiction of India until the Agency has satisfied itself that one or more of the following conditions apply:

(a) The material is being returned, under the conditions specified in paragraph 30(a) of this Agreement, to the State that originally supplied it; or

(b) The material is being transferred subject to the provisions of paragraph 26 or 27 of this Agreement; or

(c) Arrangements have been made by the Agency to safeguard the material in the State to which it is being transferred; or

(d) The material was not subject to safeguards pursuant to a project agreement and will be subject, in the State to which it is being transferred, to safeguards other than those of the Agency but generally consistent with such safeguards and accepted by the Agency.

34. India shall notify the Agency of its intention to transfer within its jurisdiction any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment or component subject to this Agreement to any facility or location in India to which paragraph 11(f) applies and shall provide to the Agency, before such transfer is effected, the necessary information to enable the Agency to make arrangements for the application of safeguards to such nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment or component after its transfer. The Agency shall also be given the opportunity as early as possible in advance of such a transfer to review the design of the facility for the sole purpose of determining that the arrangements provided for in this Agreement can be effectively applied. India may transfer the nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment or component only after the Agency has confirmed that it has made such arrangements.

35. India shall notify the Agency of its intention to transfer any nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment or component subject to this Agreement to a recipient which is not under the jurisdiction of India. Except as provided for in paragraph 30(a) of this Agreement, such nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment or component shall be so transferred only after the Agency has informed India that it has satisfied itself that Agency safeguards will apply with respect to the nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment or component in the recipient country. Upon receipt by the Agency of the notification of transfer from India and the confirmation of receipt by the recipient country, safeguards on such nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment or component shall be terminated under this Agreement.

36. The notifications referred to in paragraphs 34 and 35 of this Agreement shall be made to the Agency sufficiently in advance to enable it to make the arrangements required before the transfer is effected. The Agency shall promptly take any necessary action. The time limits for and the contents of these notifications shall be set out in the Subsidiary Arrangements.

III. SAFEGUARDS PROCEDURES

A. GENERAL PROCEDURES

Introduction

37. The safeguards procedures to be applied by the Agency are those specified in this Agreement, as well as such additional procedures as result from technological developments, and other procedures as may be agreed to between the Agency and India. The safeguards procedures set forth below shall be followed, as far as relevant, with respect to any item subject to this Agreement.

38. The Agency shall conclude with India Subsidiary Arrangements concerning the implementation of the safeguards procedures referred to above. The Subsidiary Arrangements shall also include any necessary arrangements for the application of safeguards to any item subject to this Agreement, including such containment and surveillance measures as are required for the effective implementation of safeguards. The Subsidiary Arrangements shall enter into force no later than six months after entry into force of this Agreement.

Design Review

39. The Agency shall review the design of principal nuclear facilities, for the sole purpose of satisfying itself that a facility will permit the effective application of safeguards.

40. The design review of a principal nuclear facility shall take place at as early a stage as possible. In particular, such review shall be carried out in the case of:

(a) An Agency project, before the project is approved;

(b) A bilateral or multilateral arrangement under which the responsibility for administering safeguards is to be transferred to the Agency, or an activity or facility unilaterally submitted by India, before the Agency assumes safeguards responsibilities with respect to the facility;

(c) A transfer of safeguarded nuclear material to a principal nuclear facility whose design has not previously been reviewed, before such transfer takes place; and

(d) A significant modification of a principal nuclear facility whose design has previously been reviewed, before such modification is undertaken.

41. To enable the Agency to perform the required design review, India shall submit to it relevant design information sufficient for the purpose, including information on such basic characteristics of the principal nuclear facility as may bear on the Agency's safeguards procedures. The Agency shall require only the minimum amount of information and data consistent with carrying out its responsibility under this section. It shall complete the review promptly after the submission of this information by India and shall notify the latter of its conclusions without delay.

42. If the Agency wishes to examine design information which India regards as sensitive, the Agency shall, if India so requests, conduct the examination on premises in India. Such information should not be physically transmitted to the Agency provided that it remains readily available for examination by the Agency in India.

Records

43. India shall arrange for the keeping of records with respect to principal nuclear facilities and also with respect to all safeguarded nuclear material outside such facilities. For this purpose India and the Agency shall agree on a system of records with respect to each facility and also with respect to such material, on the basis of proposals to be submitted by India in sufficient time to allow the Agency to review them before the records need to be kept.

44. All records shall be kept in English.

45. The records shall consist, as appropriate, of:

(a) Accounting records of all safeguarded nuclear material; and

(b) Operating records for principal nuclear facilities.

46. All records shall be retained for at least two years.

Reports

General Requirements

47. India shall submit to the Agency reports with respect to the production, processing and use of safeguarded nuclear material in or outside principal nuclear facilities. For this purpose, India and the Agency shall agree on a system of reports with respect to each facility and also with respect to safeguarded nuclear material outside such facilities, on the basis of proposals to be submitted by India in sufficient time to allow the Agency to review them before the reports need to be submitted. The reports need include only such information as is relevant for the purpose of safeguards.

48. All reports shall be submitted in English.

Routine Reports

49. Routine reports shall be based on the records compiled in accordance with paragraphs 43 to 46 of this Agreement and shall consist, as appropriate, of:

(a) Accounting reports showing the receipt, transfer out, inventory and use of all safeguarded nuclear material. The inventory shall indicate the nuclear and chemical composition and physical form of all material and its location on the date of the report; and

(b) Operating reports showing the use that has been made of each principal nuclear facility since the last report and, as far as possible, the programme of future work in the period until the next routine report is expected to reach the Agency.

50. The first routine report shall be submitted as soon as:

(a) There is any safeguarded nuclear material to be accounted for; or

(b) The principal nuclear facility to which it relates is in a condition to operate.

Progress in Construction

51. The Agency may request information as to when particular stages in the construction of a principal nuclear facility have been or are to be reached.

Special Reports

52. India shall report to the Agency without delay:

(a) If any unusual incident occurs involving actual or potential loss or destruction of, or damage to, any safeguarded nuclear material or principal nuclear facility;

(b) If there is good reason to believe that safeguarded nuclear material is lost or unaccounted for in quantities that exceed the normal operating and handling losses that have been accepted by the Agency as characteristic of the facility; or

(c) Disruption of operation of facilities listed in the Annex on account of material violation or breach of bilateral or multilateral arrangements to which India is a party.

53. India shall report to the Agency, as soon as possible, and in any case within two weeks, any transfer not requiring advance notification that will result in a significant change (to be defined by the Agency in agreement with India) in the quantity of safeguarded nuclear material in a principal nuclear facility. Such report shall indicate the amount and nature of the material and its intended use.

Amplification of Reports

54. At the Agency's request, India shall submit amplifications or clarifications of any report, in so far as relevant for the purpose of safeguards.

Inspections

General Procedures

55. The Agency may inspect any items subject to this Agreement.

56. The purpose of safeguards inspections under this Agreement shall be to verify compliance by India with this Agreement and to assist India in complying with this Agreement and in resolving any questions arising out of the implementation of safeguards.

57. The number, duration and intensity of inspections actually carried out shall be kept to the minimum consistent with the effective implementation of safeguards, and if the Agency considers that the authorized inspections are not all required, fewer shall be carried out.

58. Inspectors shall neither operate any facility themselves nor direct the staff of a facility to carry out any particular operation.

Routine Inspections

59. Routine inspections may include, as appropriate:

(a) Audit of records and reports;

(b) Verification of the amount of safeguarded nuclear material by physical inspection, measurement and sampling;

(c) Examination of principal nuclear facilities, including a check of their measuring instruments and operating characteristics; and

(d) Check of the operations carried out at principal nuclear facilities.

60. Whenever the Agency has the right of access to a principal nuclear facility at all times, it may perform inspections of which notice as required by paragraph 4 of the Inspectors Document need not be given, in so far as this is necessary for the effective application of safeguards. The actual procedures to implement these provisions shall be agreed upon between India and the Agency.

Initial Inspections of a Principal Nuclear Facility

61. To verify that the construction of a principal nuclear facility is in accordance with the design reviewed by the Agency, an initial inspection or inspections of the facility may be carried out:

(a) As soon as possible after the facility has come under Agency safeguards, in the case of a facility already in operation; and

(b) Before the facility starts to operate, in other cases.

62. The measuring instruments and operating characteristics of the facility shall be reviewed to the extent necessary for the purpose of implementing safeguards. Instruments that will be used to obtain data on the nuclear materials in the facility may be tested to determine their satisfactory functioning. Such testing may include the observation by inspectors of commissioning or routine tests by the staff of the facility, but shall not hamper or delay the construction, commissioning or normal operation of the facility.

Special Inspections

63. The Agency may carry out special inspections if:

(a) The study of a report indicates that such inspection is desirable; or

(b) Any unforeseen circumstance requires immediate action.

The Board shall subsequently be informed of the reasons for and the results of each such inspection.

64. The Agency may also carry out special inspections of substantial amounts of safeguarded nuclear material that are to be transferred outside the jurisdiction of India, for which purpose India shall give the Agency sufficient advance notice of any such proposed transfer.

B. SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR REACTORS

Reports

65. The frequency of submission of routine reports shall be agreed between the Agency and India, taking into account the frequency established for routine inspections. However, at least two such reports shall be submitted each year and in no case shall more than 12 such reports be required in any year.

Inspections

66. One of the initial inspections of a reactor shall if possible be made just before the reactor first reaches criticality.

67. The maximum frequency of routine inspections of a reactor and of the safeguarded nuclear material in it shall be determined from the following table:

Whichever is the largest of: (a) Facility inventory (including loading); (b) Annual throughput; (c) Maximum potential annual production of special fissionable material (Effective kilograms of nuclear material)	Maximum number of routine inspections annually
Up to 1 More than 1 and up to 5 More than 5 and up to 10 More than 10 and up to 15 More than 15 and up to 20 More than 20 and up to 25 More than 25 and up to 30 More than 30 and up to 35 More than 35 and up to 40 More than 40 and up to 45 More than 45 and up to 50 More than 50 and up to 55 More than 55 and up to 60 More than 60	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Right of access at all times

68. The actual frequency of inspection of a reactor shall take account of:

(a) The fact that India possesses irradiated fuel reprocessing facilities:

(b) The nature of the reactor; and

C. SPECIAL PROCEDURES RELATING TO SAFEGUARDED NUCLEAR MATERIAL OUTSIDE PRINCIPAL NUCLEAR FACILITIES

Nuclear Material in Research and Development Facilities

Routine Reports

69. Only accounting reports need be submitted in respect of nuclear material in research and development facilities. The frequency of submission of such routine reports shall be agreed between the Agency and India, taking into account the frequency established for routine inspections; however, at least one such report shall be submitted each year and in no case shall more than 12 such reports be required in any year.

Routine Inspections

70. The maximum frequency of routine inspections of safeguarded nuclear material in a research and development facility shall be that specified in the table in paragraph 67 of this Agreement for the total amount of material in the facility.

Source Material in Sealed Storage

71. The following simplified procedures for safeguarding stockpiled source material shall be applied if India undertakes to store such material in a sealed storage facility and not to remove it therefrom without previously informing the Agency.

Design of Storage Facilities

72. India shall submit to the Agency information on the design of each sealed storage facility and agree with the Agency on the method and procedure for sealing it.

Routine Reports

73. Two routine accounting reports in respect of source material in sealed storage shall be submitted each year.

Routine Inspections

74. The Agency may perform one routine inspection of each sealed storage facility annually.

Removal of Material

75. India may remove safeguarded source material from a sealed storage facility after informing the Agency of the amount, type and intended use of the material to be removed, and providing sufficient other data in time to enable the Agency to continue safeguarding the material after it has been removed.

Nuclear Material in Other Locations

76. Except to the extent that safeguarded nuclear material outside of principal nuclear facilities is covered by any of the provisions set forth in paragraphs 69 to 75 of this Agreement, the following procedures shall be applied with respect to such material (for example, source material stored elsewhere than in a sealed storage facility, or special fissionable material used in a sealed neutron source in the field).

Routine Reports

77. Routine accounting reports in respect of all safeguarded nuclear material in this category shall be submitted periodically. The frequency of submission of such reports shall be agreed between the Agency and India, taking into account the frequency established for routine inspections; however, at least one such report shall be submitted each year and in no case shall more than 12 such reports be required in any year.

Routine Inspections

78. The maximum frequency of routine inspections of safeguarded nuclear material in this category shall be one inspection annually if the total amount of such material does not exceed five effective kilograms, and shall be determined from the table in paragraph 67 of this Agreement if the amount is greater.

D. PROVISIONS FOR REPROCESSING PLANTS

Introduction

79. Additional procedures applicable to the safeguarding of reprocessing plants are set out below.

Special Procedures

Reports

80. The frequency of submission of routine reports shall be once each calendar month.

Inspections

81. A reprocessing plant having an annual throughput not exceeding 5 effective kilograms of nuclear material, and the safeguarded nuclear material in it, may be routinely inspected twice a year. The reprocessing plant, having an annual throughput exceeding 5 effective kilograms of nuclear material, and the safeguarded nuclear material in it, may be inspected at all times. The arrangements for inspections set forth in paragraph 60 of this Agreement shall apply to all inspections to be made under this paragraph. It is understood that for plants having an annual throughput of more than 60 effective kilograms, the right of access at all times would be normally be implemented by means of continuous inspection.

82. When a reprocessing plant is under Agency safeguards only because it contains safeguarded nuclear material, the inspection frequency shall be based on the rate of delivery of safeguarded nuclear material.

83. India and the Agency shall cooperate in making all the necessary arrangements to facilitate the taking, shipping or analysis of samples, due account being taken of the limitations imposed by the characteristics of a plant already in operation when placed under Agency safeguards.

Mixtures of Safeguarded and Unsafeguarded Nuclear Material

84. India and the Agency may agree on the following special arrangements in the case of a reprocessing plant which has not been supplied wholly or substantially under a project agreement, submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement by the parties to a bilateral or multilateral arrangement or unilaterally submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement, and in which safeguarded and unsafeguarded nuclear materials are present:

(a) Subject to the provisions of sub-paragraph (b) below, the Agency shall restrict its safeguards procedures to the area in which irradiated fuel is stored, until such time as all or any part of such fuel is transferred out of the storage area into other parts of the plant. Safeguards procedures shall cease to apply to the storage area or plant when either contains no safeguarded nuclear material; and

(b) Where possible, safeguarded nuclear material shall be measured and sampled separately from unsafeguarded material, and at as early a stage as possible. Where separate measurement, sampling or processing are not possible, the whole of the material being processed in that campaign shall be subject to the safeguards procedures set out in Part III.D of this Agreement. At the conclusion of the processing the nuclear material that is thereafter to be safeguarded shall be selected by agreement between India and the Agency from the whole output of the plant resulting from that campaign, due account being taken of any processing losses accepted by the Agency.

E. PROVISIONS FOR CONVERSION PLANTS, ENRICHMENT PLANTS AND FABRICATION PLANTS

Introduction

85. Additional procedures applicable to conversion plants and fabrication plants are set out below. This terminology is synonymous with the term "a plant for processing or fabricating nuclear material (excepting a mine or ore-processing plant)" which is used in paragraph 117 of this Agreement.

86. In the event that India decides to offer an enrichment plant in the future as a facility subject to this Agreement, the Agency and India shall consult and agree on the application of the Agency's safeguards procedures for enrichment plants before any such facility is added to the Annex.

Special Procedures

Reports

87. The frequency of submission of routine reports shall be once each calendar month.

Inspections

88. A conversion plant or a fabrication plant which has been supplied wholly or substantially under a project agreement, submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement by the parties to a bilateral or multilateral arrangement, or unilaterally submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement, and the nuclear material in it, may be inspected at all times if the plant inventory at any time, or the annual input, of nuclear material exceeds five effective kilograms. Where neither the inventory at any time, nor the annual input, exceeds five effective kilograms of nuclear material, the routine inspections shall not exceed two a year. The arrangements for inspections set forth in paragraph 57 of this Agreement shall apply to all inspections to be made under this paragraph. It is understood that, for plants having an inventory at any time, or an annual input, of more than 60 effective kilograms, the right of access at all times would normally be implemented by means of continuous inspection. Where neither the inventory at any time nor the annual input exceeds one effective kilogram of nuclear material, the plant would not normally be subject to routine inspection.

89. When a conversion plant or a fabrication plant which has not been supplied wholly or substantially under a project agreement, submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement by the parties to a bilateral or multilateral arrangement or unilaterally submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement contains safeguarded nuclear material, the frequency of routine inspections shall be based on the inventory at any time and the annual input of safeguarded nuclear material. Where the inventory at any time, or the annual input, of safeguarded nuclear material exceeds five effective kilograms the plant may be inspected at all times. Where neither the inventory at any time, nor the annual input, exceeds five effective kilograms of safeguarded nuclear material, the routine inspections shall not exceed two a year. The arrangements for inspection set forth in paragraph 60 shall apply to all inspections to be made under this paragraph. It is understood that, for plants having an inventory at any time, or an annual input, of more than 60 effective kilograms, the right of access at all times would normally be implemented by means of continuous inspection. Where neither the inventory at any time nor the annual input exceeds one effective kilogram of nuclear material, the plant would not normally be subject to routine inspection.

90. The intensity of inspection of safeguarded nuclear material at various steps in a conversion plant or a fabrication plant shall take account of the nature, isotopic composition and amount of safeguarded nuclear material in the plant. Safeguards shall be applied in accordance with the general principles set forth in paragraphs 4 to 8 of this Agreement. Emphasis shall be placed on inspection to control uranium of high enrichments and plutonium.

91. Where a plant may handle safeguarded and unsafeguarded nuclear material, India shall notify the Agency in advance of the programme for handling safeguarded batches to enable the Agency to make inspections during these periods, due account being also taken of the arrangements under paragraph 92 of this Agreement.

92. India and the Agency shall cooperate in making all the necessary arrangements to facilitate the preparation of inventories of safeguarded nuclear material and the taking, shipping and/or analysis of samples, due account being taken of the limitations imposed by the characteristics of a plant already in operation when placed under Agency safeguards.

Residues, Scrap and Waste

93. India shall ensure that safeguarded nuclear material contained in residues, scrap or waste created during conversion or fabrication is recovered, as far as is practicable, in its facilities and within a reasonable period of time. If such recovery is not considered practicable by India, India and the Agency shall cooperate in making arrangements to account for and dispose of the material.

Safeguarded and Unsafeguarded Nuclear Material

94. India and the Agency may agree on the following special arrangements in the case of a conversion plant or a fabrication plant which has not been supplied wholly or substantially under a project agreement, submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement by the parties to a bilateral or multilateral arrangement or unilaterally submitted to safeguards under a safeguards agreement, and in which safeguarded and unsafeguarded nuclear material are both present:

(a) Subject to the provisions of sub-paragraph (b) below, the Agency shall restrict its safeguards procedures to the area in which safeguarded nuclear material is stored, until such time as all or any part of such nuclear material is transferred out of the storage area into other parts of the plant. Safeguards procedures shall cease to be applied to the storage area or plant when it contains no safeguarded nuclear material; and

(b) Where possible, safeguarded nuclear material shall be measured and sampled separately from unsafeguarded nuclear material, and at as early a stage as possible. Where separate measurement, sampling or processing is not possible, any nuclear material containing safeguarded nuclear material shall be subject to the safeguards procedures set out in Part III.E of this Agreement. At the conclusion of processing, the nuclear material that is thereafter to be safeguarded shall be selected, in accordance with paragraph 96 of this Agreement when applicable, by agreement between India and the Agency, due account being taken of any processing losses accepted by the Agency.

Blending of Nuclear Material

95. When safeguarded nuclear material is to be blended with either safeguarded or unsafeguarded nuclear material, the State shall notify the Agency sufficiently in advance of the programme of blending to enable the Agency to exercise its right to obtain evidence, through inspection of the blending operation or otherwise, that the blending is performed according to the programme.

96. When safeguarded and unsafeguarded nuclear material are blended, if the ratio of fissionable isotopes in the safeguarded component going into the blend to all the fissionable isotopes in the blend is 0.3 or greater, and if the concentration of fissionable isotopes in the unsafeguarded nuclear material is increased by such blending, then the whole blend shall remain subject to safeguards. In other cases, the following procedures shall apply:

(a) Plutonium/plutonium blending: The quantity of the blend that shall continue to be safeguarded shall be such that its weight, when multiplied by the square of the weight fraction of contained fissionable isotopes, is not less than the weight of originally safeguarded plutonium multiplied by the square of the weight fraction of fissionable isotopes therein, provided however that:

(i) In cases where the weight of the whole blend, when multiplied by the square of the weight fraction of contained fissionable isotopes, is less than the weight of originally safeguarded plutonium multiplied by the square of the weight fraction of fissionable isotopes therein, the whole of the blend shall be safeguarded; and

(ii) The number of fissionable atoms in the portion of the blend that shall continue to be under safeguards shall in no case be less than the number of fissionable atoms in the originally safeguarded plutonium;

(b) Uranium/uranium blending: The quantity of the blend that shall continue to be safeguarded shall be such that the number of effective kilograms is not less than the number of effective kilograms in the originally safeguarded uranium, provided however that:

(i) In cases where the number of effective kilograms in the whole blend is less than in the safeguarded uranium, the whole of the blend shall be safeguarded; and

(c) Uranium/plutonium blending: The whole of the resultant blend shall be safeguarded until the uranium and the plutonium constituents are separated. After separation of the uranium and plutonium, safeguards shall apply to the originally safeguarded component; and

(d) Due account shall be taken of any processing losses agreed upon between the State and the Agency.

IV. AGENCY INSPECTORS

97. The provisions of paragraphs 1 to 10 and 12 to 14, inclusive, of the Inspectors Document shall apply to Agency inspectors performing functions pursuant to this Agreement. However, paragraph 4 of the Inspectors Document shall not apply with regard to any facility or to nuclear material to which the Agency has access at all times. The actual procedures to implement paragraph 60 of this Agreement shall be agreed to between the Agency and India.

98. The relevant provisions of the Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the Agency (INFCIRC/9/Rev.2) shall apply to the Agency, its inspectors performing functions under this Agreement and to any property of the Agency used by them in the performance of their functions under this Agreement.

V. PHYSICAL PROTECTION

99. India shall take all suitable measures necessary for the physical protection of the facilities and nuclear material subject to this Agreement, taking into account the recommendations made in Agency's document INFCIRC/225/Rev.4, as may be amended from time to time.

VI. SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL

100. India shall establish and maintain a system of accounting for and control of all items subject to safeguards under this Agreement, in accordance with provisions to be set out in the Subsidiary Arrangements.

VII. FINANCE

101. India and the Agency shall each bear any expense incurred in the implementation of their responsibilities under this Agreement. The Agency shall reimburse India for any special expenses, including those referred to in paragraph 6 of the Inspectors Document, incurred by India or persons under its jurisdiction at the written request of the Agency, if India notified the Agency before the expense was incurred that reimbursement would be required. These provisions shall not prejudice the allocation of expenses attributable to a failure by either India or the Agency to comply with this Agreement.

102. India shall ensure that any protection against third party liability, including any insurance or other financial security, in respect of a nuclear incident occurring in a facility under its jurisdiction shall apply to the Agency and its inspectors when carrying out their functions under this Agreement as that protection applies to nationals of India.

VIII. NON-COMPLIANCE

103. If the Board determines in accordance with Article XII.C of the Statute of the Agency that there has been any non-compliance by India with this Agreement, the Board shall call upon India to remedy such non-compliance forthwith, and shall make such reports as it deems appropriate. In the event of failure by India to take full remedial action within a reasonable time, the Board may take any other measures provided for in Article XII.C of the Statute. The Agency shall promptly notify India in the event of any determination by the Board pursuant in this regard.

IX. COOPERATION, INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF THE AGREEMENT AND SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

104. The Agency and India shall cooperate to facilitate the implementation of this Agreement.

105. At the request of either India or the Agency, there shall be consultations about any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement. India and the Agency shall endeavour to settle by negotiation any dispute arising from the interpretation or application of this Agreement. India shall have the right to request that any question arising out of the interpretation or application of the Agreement be considered by the Board. The Board shall invite India to participate in the discussion of any such question by the Board.

106. In the event of any question or questions arising from the implementation of this Agreement, the Agency shall provide India with an opportunity to clarify and facilitate the resolution of such questions. The Agency shall not draw any conclusions in connection with the question or questions until India has had an opportunity to provide clarifications.

X. FINAL CLAUSES

107. India and the Agency shall, at the request of either of them, consult about amending this Agreement.

108. This Agreement shall enter into force on the date on which the Agency receives from India written notification that India's statutory and/or constitutional requirements for entry into force have been met.

109. This Agreement shall remain in force until, in accordance with its provisions, safeguards have been terminated on all items subject to this Agreement, or until terminated by mutual agreement of the parties to this Agreement.

XI. DEFINITIONS

110. "Agency" means the International Atomic Energy Agency.

111. "Board" means the Board of Governors of the Agency.

112. "Campaign" means the period during which the chemical processing equipment in a reprocessing plant is operated between two successive wash-outs of the nuclear material present in the equipment.

113. "Conversion plant" means a facility (excepting a mine or ore-processing plant) to improve unirradiated nuclear material, or irradiated nuclear material that has been separated from fission products, by changing its chemical or physical form so as to facilitate further use or processing. The term conversion plant includes the facility's storage and analytical sections. The term does not include a plant intended for separating the isotopes of nuclear material.

114. "Director General" means the Director General of the Agency.

115. "Effective kilograms" means:

(i) In the case of plutonium, its weight in kilograms;

(ii) In the case of uranium with an enrichment of 0.01 (1 %) and above, its weight in kilograms multiplied by the square of its enrichment;

(iii) In the case of uranium with an enrichment below 0.01 (1 %) and above 0.005 (0.5 %), its weight in kilograms multiplied by 0.0001; and

(iv) In the case of depleted uranium with an enrichment of 0.005 (0.5 %) or below, and in the case of thorium, its weight in kilograms multiplied by 0.00005.

116. "Enrichment plant" means a plant for separating the isotopes of nuclear material.

117. "Facility" means, for the purposes of this Agreement:

(i) A "principal nuclear facility", which means a reactor, a plant for processing nuclear material irradiated in a reactor, a plant for separating the isotopes of a nuclear material, a plant for processing or fabricating nuclear material (excepting a mine or ore-processing plant) or a facility or plant of such other type as may be designated by the Board from time to time, including associated storage facilities, as well as a critical facility or a separate storage installation;

(ii) A research and development facility as defined in paragraph 127 of this Agreement;

(iii) Any location where nuclear material in amounts greater than one effective kilogram is customarily used;

(iv) A plant for the upgrading of heavy water or a separate storage installation for heavy water.

118. "Fuel fabrication plant" means a plant to manufacture fuel elements or other components containing nuclear material and includes the plant's storage and analytical sections.

119. "Improved" means, with respect to nuclear material, that either:

(i) The concentration of fissionable isotopes in it has been increased; or

(ii) The amount of chemically separable fissionable isotopes in it has been increased; or

(iii) Its chemical or physical form has been changed so as to facilitate further use or processing.

120. "Inspector" means an Agency official designated in accordance with the Inspectors Document.

121. "Inspectors Document" means the Annex to the Agency's document GC(V)/INF/39.

122. "Nuclear material" means any source or special fissionable material as defined in Article XX of the Statute.

123. "Produced, processed or used" means any utilization or any alteration of the physical or chemical form or composition, including any change of the isotopic composition, of nuclear material;

124. "Project agreement" means a safeguards agreement relating to an Agency project and containing provisions as foreseen in Article XI.F.4.(b) of the Statute.

125. "Reactor" means any device in which a controlled, self-sustaining fission chain-reaction can be maintained.

126. "Reprocessing plant" means a facility to separate irradiated nuclear materials and fission products, and includes the facility's head-end treatment section and its associated storage and analytical sections. This term is synonymous with the term "a plant for processing nuclear material irradiated in a reactor" which is used in paragraph 117 of this Agreement.

127. "Research and development facility" means a facility, other than a principal nuclear facility, used for research or development in the field of nuclear energy.

128. "Statute" means the Statute of the Agency.

129. "Throughput" means the rate at which nuclear material is introduced into a facility operating at full capacity.

130. "Unilaterally submitted" means submitted by India to Agency safeguards.

DONE at Vienna, on the day of 2008, in duplicate, in the English language.

For the GOVERNMENT OF INDIA: For the INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC

ENERGY AGENCY:

ANNEX

LIST OF FACILITIES SUBJECT TO SAFEGUARDS UNDER THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY FOR THE APPLICATION OF SAFEGUARDS TO CIVILIAN NUCLEAR FACILITIES

	FACILITY OFFERED FOR SAFEGUARDS BY INDIA	DATE OF RECEIPT OF NOTIFICATION

After google earth its now google Mars !

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Sun, 06 Jul 2008 14:19:00 +0000

http://www.google.com/mars/
After google earth its now google Mars !
here we can View some of the most detailed maps of Mars created by NASA scientists.
just check the site

google adsense

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Thu, 26 Jun 2008 08:28:00 +0000

Signing Up

visit here for more

Click here to got to Google Adsense sign up page. In the Google Adsense sign up page you can see a button that tells “Click here to apply”. Click on the button and you will be given a form to fill.

Tips on filling the form.

Click on the figure to enlarge them!

When you find this button on the Adsense sign up page, do click on it to apply for a Google Adsense Account!!

Enter your full name here!!

Enter the url of any one of your blog here!!

You can either choose your existing Google account for Google Adsense or a new account for Google Adsense alone in which case you will have to confirm your email id.

Once you have completed all these you will be asked to wait for 1-2 days. During these days you can start more blogs from the same Blogger account so that you can start making money as soon as you get approved.

The world is watching !

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Tue, 27 May 2008 09:20:00 +0000

The following countries are now part of this blog .
The percentage in the bracket shows how much is their respective stakes.

		India [29%]
		United States [25%]
		Canada [7%]
		United Kingdom [3%]
		Philippines [2%]
		Netherlands [2%]
		Malaysia [2%]
		Australia [2%]
		Turkey [2%]
		United Arab Emirates [2%]
		Hungary [2%]
		Austria [1%]
		Qatar [1%]
		European Union [1%]
		Sweden [1%]
		Bulgaria [1%]
		Morocco [1%]
		Nigeria [1%]
		Switzerland [1%]
		Spain [1%]
		France [1%]
		Cyprus [1%]
		Norway [1%]
		South Africa [1%]
		Germany [1%]
		Finland [1%]
		[1%]
		Bahrain [1%]
		Romania [1%]
		Singapore [1%]
		Poland [1%]
		Israel [1%]
		Dominican Republic [1%]

click here for details

in the heights

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Thu, 06 Mar 2008 05:24:00 +0000

====================================

In the heights
Still
I can feel the heat
The hotter the heat is here
My dear,
you wont believe ,
it is unbearable

in the search of greenest,,,
Greenest of greener pastures,
I landed up here
In this heights
But still
I can feel the heat

====================================

rebel in me

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Sat, 16 Feb 2008 09:24:00 +0000

My comrades,

What you heard is not that

What you are to yet hear

Is not the rest of that

All you saw was not that

The more you are yet to see

Is not the rest of that

But,

What I encountered was that

the real face of communism

The real face political fascism

windows xp tips

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Tue, 29 Jan 2008 17:12:00 +0000

Powering on the Computer With Your Mouse

If you have ATX Main Board, ATX case Award Bios, or any Bios that supports PS/2 Mouse Power On, then you can power on your computer with a double click.

To activate this feature:

Restart your computer

Then press Del when the BIOS message appears to enter your CMOS configuration Select Integrated Peripherals from main menu
If PS/2 mouse power on disabled, activate it by press page up/ page down key it will became Double-Click
Press Esc key to exit
Press F10 to save and exit Power off your PC

Now double-click the left mouse button,.. Your PC will turn on

Speed Up XP Booting.
Start Registry Editor (Regedit.exe).
Locate the following key in the registry:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Current
ControlSet\Control\Ses
sionManager\MemoryManagement\Prefetch
Parameters
Make sure you backup the keys by exporting them to a .reg file.
On the EnablePrefetcher value, change the setting from 3 to 5 (decimal).
Close the registry editor.
Restart your computer

A great new feature in Microsoft Windows XP is the ability to do a boot defragment. This places all boot files next to each other on the disk to allow for faster booting. By default this option is enabled, but on some systems it is not, so below is the information on how to turn it on:
Go to Start Menu and Click Run
Type in regedit then click ok
Find "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Dfrg\BootOpt imizeFunction"
Select "Enable" from the list on the right
Right on it and select "Modify"
Change the value to Y .
Reboot your Pc and see the change yourself.
Method3.
Start up can be seriously delayed if Windows if prefetching the whole world. Go into registry and edit the prefet section to only fetch the OS files. Or even do no prefetch if you want. I use a setting of 2 which prefetchs only the OS files.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management\PrefetchParameters
key name EnablePrefetcher
0?Disable
1?Application Launch Prefetch
2?Boot Prefetch
3?Prefetch everything

Increasing XP shutdown speed
Increasing shutdown speed by reducing wait times:
Windows XP stores a couple of values in its registry which are responsible for determining how long to wait before shutting down (killing) open applications and services once the shutdown command has been given.
By editing these two settings and changing them to lower values, you can considerably decrease the amount of time that Windows XP needs to successfully shut itself down. The first part of this tweak deals with setting the amount of time Windows will take to kill open applications on shutdown.
Open REGEDIT and navigate to 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\'
Highlight the 'WaitToKillAppTimeout' value.
Set it to '1000' (the default should be 20000).
Now highlight the 'HungAppTimeout' value
Set it to '1000' also.

Disable Boot Virus Detection
Having the Boot Virus Detection enabled is pretty much obsolete with the newer machines. This is due to more modern virus styles and the fact that most Motherboards now days can detect any attempts to write to the boot sector or the partition table.
Disabling this feature in the "Advanced BIOS Features" section of the BIOS will improve your boot speed

Add Safe Mode to Boot menu
Safe Mode is most commonly used for troubleshooting purposes. If you find yourself booting to safe mode often. You may find it helpful to include the option for safe mode in your boot menu. Below, is a method you can use to save yourself from having to press F8 during startup to access Safe Mode:
Right click My Computer and click Properties.
Click the Advanced tab.
Under Start Up and Recovery, click the Settings button.
Click Edit. The boot.ini file will open in Notepad.

Copy the line that reads as follows: multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINDOWS=”Microsoft Windows XP Professional” /fastdetect.

Paste the line you just copied after the original one.
Change the copied line from “Microsoft Windows XP Professional” to “Windows XP Safe Mode” or something similar.
At the end of this line add the following: /safeboot:minimal /sos /bootlog.
Save the boot.ini file by clicking File then Save.
Restart your computer and Safe Mode should be available at the boot menu.
Note: Your actual Boot.INI may vary to a small degree. The above is an example only. Be sure to copy your boot.ini file prior to making any changes to it.

Creating Shutdown, Restart and Logoff Icons
To create the icons, create a shortcut on the desktop.
For Shutdown, the command is C:\WINDOWS\RUNDLL.EXE user.exe,exitwindows
For Restart, the command is C:\WINDOWS\RUNDLL.EXE user.exe,exitwindowsexec
For Logoff, the command is C:\WINDOWS\RUNDLL.EXE shell32.dll,SHExitWindowsEx 0

Hibernate computer to save time
Hibernate for faster start
If you turn-down computer when you're not working on it, you will save the energy, but not the time. If you don't want to wait until computer turns on, log on, ... than you can use Hibernate function. However, you can't "sleep" all computer like that. Windows 9x with Fat32, for example, can't hibernate.
How you can tell if your system can hibernate?
In Windows 2000 or Windows XP, login like administrator. In Internet explorer, or in any directory, in Address field, type "control panelpower options" and click Enter. If you see Hibernate card, in dialog box, great. Open that card and see "Disk space for hibernation". See if your computer fits that condicions. Check "Enable hibernation" and be shore there is no error message.
Next time when you chose "Start-Shutdown" (Windows 98, ME and 2000), chose Hibernate option and go OK. In WindowsXP, chose "Start-Turn Off Computer" and click Shift to turn "Stand By" button to "Hibernate" button

Disable or Remove Shutdown
It is Possible to Remove Shut Down option from Start menu. Just follow the following steps.
Start->Run->gpedit.msc->User Configuration->Administrative Templates->Start Menu &Taskbar->Remove Shutdown on Start Menu.->Enable.

Make your PC shutdown at a time u wish.
METHOD1
1. Right click on your desktop and choose "New=>shortcuts".
2. In the box that says "Type the location of the shortcut",
type in "shutdown -s -t 3600" without the quotation marks and click next. Note: 3600 are the amount of seconds before your computer shuts down. So , 60secs*60mins=3600secs.
3. Make up a name for the shortcut and you're done.
You can change the icon by right clicking=>properities=>change icon=>browse
TO ABORT:
To make an abort key to stop the shutdown timer just create another shortcut and make
the "location of the shortcut" to " shutdown -a" without the quotes.
METHOD2
Here is another trick to shutdown at a specific time, for example you wish to shutdown at 11:35am. Type this in
start=>Run
Type Code: at 11:35 shutdown -s
TO ABORT:
Code:shutdown -a

TURN ON UR PC IN JUST 10 SECONDS
Aight so u wanna know how to turn the pc on in 10 seconds (may vary)Aight heres what u have to do to turn ur pc on in 10 seconds
Aite Click on the start button then press R it will take u to Run well go to run
n type Regedit
press enter
this will open Registery Editor
now look for the key
HKEY_LOACAL_MECHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Contr ol\ContentIndex
now there find the Key Called
"Startup Delay"
Double Click On It
Now where its Base
Click Decimal
Now its Default Value Is 4800000 (75300:hexadecimal)
Change The Value To 40000
here u go u have done it
now close the Registery Editor and Restart Your Computer
You'll See The Result

The nest up above the tree !

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Tue, 22 Jan 2008 14:40:00 +0000

when you sleep
the soil erodes from the root.
wake up before the tree fall....
wake up before the nest fall...
wake up before you fall !

down here is not the place for you,
if u weren't able to raise your voice,
up above the tree..
within the warmth of your nest,
how can you stand up in this ground !

ground is full of realities
its not as your dream you had ,
up above the tree,
within the warmth of your nest.
as they call these all ground realities !

still you are up above the tree
within the warmth of your nest..
you can chose your own destiny..

but when you fall down don't blame the wind...
because wind was there always..
but there is no more soil down under the root!

Nandithayude Kavithakal

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Tue, 08 Jan 2008 17:01:00 +0000

buy this book

ഈലോകത്ത്‌ ദു:ഖവും ദു:ഖം കൊണ്ട്‌ തീഷ്ണമായ അനുഭവങ്ങളും മാത്രമെന്നോ..........

പിന്നെന്തിന്‌ പ്രകൃതിയില്‍ കിളികളുടെ കള കളാ രവം ............

പുഷ്പങ്ങളുടെ സൗരഭ്യശോഭയാര്‍ന്ന വദനങ്ങള്‍..............

അല്ല ഈ ലോകം സുന്ദരമാണ്‌. നമ്മുടെ ചിന്തയിലാണ്‌ ലോകത്തിലെ സന്തോഷവും സങ്കടവും.

അതായത്‌ സുഖദു:ഖാങ്ങള്‍ ആദിയായ ദ്വന്ദ്വങ്ങള്‍ ആപേക്ഷികങ്ങളാണ്‌ അവ നമ്മുടെ മനസിനെ അപേക്ഷിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു.........

കാമാക്രാന്തലോഭമോഹാദിയാല്‍.......

വിദ്യ കണ്ടത്തില്‍ വന്ന്‌നിശബ്ദയായ്‌.......

ഉറക്കം തൂങ്ങി വിദ്യയെപ്പടിച്ചയാ കര്‍ണന്‍റെപൊലെ ഞാനും നിശബ്ദനായ്‌........

അസ്ത്രമറിയാതെ കുരുക്ഷേത്ര ഭൂമിയില്‍ പ്രാണഭീതിയാല്‍ ഉറ്റുനോക്കീടുന്നു.....

ദേവാങ്കന,കാല്‍കളായ്‌,കയ്കളായ്‌

പുഞ്ചിരിക്കും വിപത്തിന്‍ കടക്കണ്ണും...........

ചുണ്ടുവീരം യക്ഷിത്തലമുടീം.............

ആയിരത്തെപ്പിഴപ്പിച്ച സത്വമേ

ദൂരെയോടുക പോവുകാ പോവുകാ.........

സത്വമെങ്കിലും നിന്നുള്ളിലുള്ളയാ സത്യമെന്നെ ദത്തെടുതെങ്കിലോ....

ധന്യനായ്‌ ഞാന്‍ സത്യമറിഞ്ഞെങ്കില്‍...........

ഈ വെറിപൂണ്ട ജീവിതാം തീര്‍ന്നെങ്കില്‍..........

കത്തിനില്‍ക്കുന്നീമനോവേദന കത്തെഴുതാന്‍ ഒത്താശ ചെയ്യവേ.....

ഇത്ര തന്നവേ എത്തിയതെങ്ങനേ

കത്തിയ പൂത്തിരിത്താര നിരത്തി ഞാന്‍

http://indulekha.com/malayalambooks/2007/06/nandithayude-kavithakal.html

ഇത്രയാണ് പിണറായിയുടെ മകന്റെ മിടുക്ക് ! reposted

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Tue, 04 Dec 2007 16:27:00 +0000

click on the image to enlarge

this post is reposted due to high demand the same post is present in this blog itself with comments

THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE IN MALAYALAM IS COPIED FROM HERE

തിരുവനന്തപുരം : ഡിഗ്രി പാസായത് മൂന്നാം ക്ലാസില്‍. രണ്ടാം വര്‍ഷത്തില്‍ അക്കൗണ്ടന്‍സിക്ക് 100ല്‍ കിട്ടിയത് 17 മാര്‍ക്ക്. ഇംപ്രൂവ്മെന്റ് എഴുതിയപ്പോള്‍ ആറു മാര്‍ക്കു കൂടി 23 ആയി.

സഹകരണ മന്ത്രി ജി സുധാകരനും സാഹിത്യനായകന്‍ ടി പത്മനാഭനും മിടുക്കനെന്ന് വാഴ്ത്തിയ പിണറായി വിജയന്റെ മകന്‍ വിവേക് പിണറായിയ്ക്ക് കിട്ടിയ മാര്‍ക്കുകളാണ് ഇത്.

തിരുവനന്തപുരം മാര്‍ ഇവാനിയോസ് കോളജിലാണ് വിവേക് പ്രീഡിഗ്രി പഠിച്ചത്. ജയിച്ചത് രണ്ടാം ക്ലാസില്‍. ഇതേ കോളെജില്‍ തന്നെയാണ് വിവേക് ഡിഗ്രിയ്ക്കും പഠിച്ചത്. ഡിഗ്രി ജയിച്ചത് മൂന്നാം ക്ലാസില്‍.

പ്രീഡിഗ്രിയ്ക്ക് ഒന്നാം ഗ്രൂപ്പും ഡിഗ്രിക്ക് ബികോമുമായിരുന്നു വിവേക് പഠിച്ചത്. ഡിഗ്രി നേടിയ ശേഷം വിവേക് പഠിച്ചത് കളമശേരി എസ് സി എം എസ് (സ്ക്കൂള്‍ ഓഫ് കമ്മ്യൂണിക്കേഷന്‍സ് ആന്റ് മാനേജ്മെന്റ് സ്റ്റഡീസ്) കോളെജിലാണ്. ജിപിസി നായരുടെ ഉടമസ്ഥയിലുളളതാണ് ഈ കോളെജ്. ബിസിനസ് മാനേജ്മെന്റില്‍ ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദത്തിനാണ് വിവേക് ഈ കോളെജ് പ്രവേശനം നേടിയത്.

ബിരുദത്തില്‍ രണ്ടാം ക്ലാസെങ്കിലും നേടിയവര്‍ക്കു മാത്രമേ ഈ കോളെജില്‍ പ്രവേശനം അനുവദിക്കുകയുളളൂവെന്നാണ് ചട്ടം. ഇവര്‍ കാറ്റ്, മാറ്റ് ( CAT - Common Aptitude Test, MAT - Management Aptitude Test) എന്നിവയിലേതെങ്കിലും ഒരു പ്രവേശന പരീക്ഷ വഴിയാണ് പ്രവേശനം നേടേണ്ടെതെന്നും നിഷ്കര്‍ഷിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. എന്നാല്‍ വിവേക് പിണറായിയുടെ കാര്യത്തില്‍ ഈ ചട്ടം പാലിക്കപ്പെട്ടില്ല.

ബികോമിന് വെറും മൂന്നാം ക്ലാസുളള വിവേക് പിണറായി ജിപിസി നായരുടെ കോളെജില്‍ ബിസിനസ് മാനേജ്മെന്റില്‍ ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദം അഭ്യസിച്ചു. പ്രവേശന പരീക്ഷ വേണ്ട, യോഗ്യതയുടെ കാര്യത്തില്‍ മാനേജ്മെന്റ് ദയാപുരസരം ഒരിളവും അനുവദിച്ചു.

എസ് ബി ടിയുടെ കലൂര്‍ ബ്രാഞ്ചില്‍ നിന്നും നാലു ലക്ഷം രൂപ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ വായ്പയെടുത്താണ് വിവേക് ഈ കോളെജില്‍ പഠിച്ചത്. വായ്പയുടെ ജാമ്യക്കാര്‍ പിണറായി വിജയനും ഭാര്യ കമലാ വിജയനുമായിരുന്നു. 2003ല്‍ സി ഗ്രേഡ് സര്‍ട്ടിഫിക്കറ്റോടെയാണ് വിവേക് ഈ കോഴ്സ് പാസായത്.

2004ല്‍ വിവേക് സ്വന്തം ബിസിനസ് നടത്താന്‍ സിംഗപ്പൂരിലേയ്ക്ക് പോയി. കാര്യമായ നേട്ടമൊന്നുമില്ലാത്തതിനാല്‍ രണ്ടു മാസത്തിനു ശേഷം തിരികെ വന്നു. പിന്നീട് ജോലി തേടി അബുദാബിയില്‍ പോയി. അവിടെയും ശരിപ്പെടാത്തതിനാല്‍ 2005 സെപ്തംബറില്‍ വീണ്ടും നാട്ടിലെത്തി.

പിന്നീടാണ് ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലെ ബര്‍മ്മിംഗ് ഹാം സര്‍വകലാശാലയില്‍ ബിസിനസ് മാനേജ്മെന്റ് പഠിക്കാന്‍ വിവേക് തീരുമാനിച്ചത്. 20 ലക്ഷം രൂപയാണ് ഈ കോഴ്സിനുളള ഫീസ്. ഈ തുക വായ്പയെടുക്കാന്‍ വീണ്ടും കലൂരിലെ എസ് ബി ടി ശാഖയെ സമീപിച്ചു. ഏഴു ലക്ഷം രൂപയ്ക്കു മേലുളള തുക വായ്പ നല്‍കാന്‍ ബാങ്ക് കൊച്ചി ദേശാഭിമാനിയെയാണ് ഈടായി ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടത്. ദേശാഭിമാനിയിലുളള ചിലരുടെ എതിര്‍പ്പിനെ തുടര്‍ന്ന് ഇത് നടക്കാതെ പോയി.

എന്നാല്‍ പിന്നീട് ഈ തുക സംഘടിപ്പിച്ച് വിവേക് ബര്‍മ്മിംഗ് ഹാം സര്‍വകലാശാലയില്‍ പഠനത്തിന് ചേര്‍ന്നു. ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലെ താമസം, ഭക്ഷണം, മറ്റ് ചെലവുകള്‍ എന്നിവ കൂടി കണക്കിലെടുത്താല്‍ ഏതാണ്ട് അരക്കോടിക്ക് മേലുളള തുകയാവും ഈ കോഴ്സ് കഴിയുമ്പോള്‍ ആകെ ചെലവ്.

ഇത്രയും ഭീമമായ തുക എവിടെ നിന്നാണ് ലഭിച്ചത് എന്ന ചോദ്യത്തിന് ഇതുവരെ ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടവരാരും മറുപടി പറഞ്ഞിട്ടില്ല. അധിനിവേശ പ്രതിരോധ സമിതിയുടെ ഒരു യോഗത്തില്‍ ഈ ചോദ്യം ചോദിച്ച എഴുത്തുകാരി സാറാ ജോസഫിനെ സഹകരണ മന്ത്രി സുധാകരന്‍ രൂക്ഷമായ പദപ്രയോഗങ്ങള്‍ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് വിമര്‍ശിച്ചിരുന്നു.

മിടുക്കരായ കുട്ടികള്‍ സ്കോളര്‍ഷിപ്പ് നേടി വിദേശത്തു പഠിക്കുന്നതില്‍ ആരും അസൂയപ്പെടേണ്ടെന്ന് എസ് എഫ് ഐ സംസ്ഥാന സെക്രട്ടറി എം സ്വരാജും പറയുന്നു. മാര്‍ക്ക് ലിസ്റ്റില്‍ വെളിപ്പെടാത്ത മറ്റെന്ത് മിടുക്കാണ് വിവേകിനുളളതെന്ന ചോദ്യത്തിന് ആരും ഉത്തരം പറയുന്നുമില്ല.

കത്തോലിക്കാ സഭയ്ക്കെതിരെ ചന്ദ്രഹാസം മുഴക്കുന്ന പിണറായി വിജയന്റെ മകന്‍ മാര്‍ ഇവാനിയോസ് കോളെജിലെ മാനേജ്മെന്റ് ക്വാട്ടയിലാണ് പ്രിഡിഗ്രിക്കും ഡിഗ്രിക്കും പ്രവേശനം നേടിയതെന്ന അറിവും സഖാക്കള്‍ക്ക് പുതിയതാണ്.

ഒന്നുകില്‍ കോഴ അല്ലെങ്കില്‍ സ്വാധീനം, രണ്ടിലേത് ഉപയോഗിച്ചാണ് സ്വന്തം മകനെ പിണറായി വിജയന്‍ പഠിപ്പിച്ചതെന്ന ചോദ്യത്തിന് എം സ്വരാജോ ജി സുധാകരനോ മറുപടി പറയുമെന്ന് തോന്നുന്നുമില്ല

രക്തസാക്ഷിയും duplicate MLA യും

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Mon, 03 Dec 2007 15:18:00 +0000

പണ്ടു പണ്ട് ൈസതാലി എന്നൊരു സകാവ് ഉണ്ടായിരിന്നു . സകാവ പറ്റംബി സനസ്ക്രിട കോളെജില് ആണ് പടിച്ചിരിന്നുട് . സകാവ പടിചിര്രിന്നു സമയത്തു സ്ടുടെന്റ്സ് ഫെഡറേഷന് ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യക്ക് രക്തസാക്ഷികള് ഉണ്ടായിരിനില്ലാ . ഫെഡറേഷന് പേരിനു പോലും ഒരു രക്തസാക്ഷി ഇല്ല്യ .
എന്തൊരു ദയനിയ അവസ്ഥ ചോര തിളപ്പ് ഉള്ലാ ജീവനുള്ള ഒരു സങ്ങടനക്ക് താങ്ങാന് പട്ടുനടല്ല ഈ യാദ്യാര്ത്ഥം . പാവം ഫെഡറേഷന് അവര് ഇന്നും ഉണ്ടാവും നാളെ ഉണ്ടാവും ഒരു അടി കിട്ടും, ഒരു രക്തസാക്ഷിയെ കിട്ടും എന്ന് പറഞ്ഞു കണ്ണില് എണ്ണ ഒഴിച്ച് ഇരിന്നു .

അങനെ ആ ദിവസം വന്നെത്തി എ ബി വി പി ഗുണ്ടകള് നാമ്മുളുടെ സകാവിനെ വകവരുത്തി . ഫെഡറേഷന അതൊരു ഉത്സവമായി കൊണ്ടാടി ആദ്യ രക്തസാക്ഷിയെ ആവൂലം മുടലാക്കി . എ ബി വി പി ഗുണ്ടകളക്ക് എതിരെ സങ്ങടന കേസും കൊടുത്തു . അങ്ങനെ പോലീസ് എത്തി എഫ് ഐ ആര് തയ്യാറാക്കി . അതില് പതിമൂനാമത്തെ പ്രതിയുടെ പേര് ശന്കര നാരായണന് .
ആ േപേരിനു എന്താ കുഴപ്പം ഒരു എ ബി വി പി പ്രവര്തകാന് പറ്റിയ നാല്ലാ ഒരു േപര് . ചോര്രയും നീരുമുല്ലാ ജീവനുള്ള സന്കടന ശന്കര നാരായനെനു എതിരെ പട്രകുരിപ്പുകള് എഴുതി സിനിട്കാറെ പട്രങ്ങല്ല്ക് കൊടുത്തു. സകാവ് നായനാര് സൈതാലി അനുസ്മരണം ഉത്ങട്ടനം ചെയ്തു ശന്കര നാരായനെനു എതിരെ ശക്താമായ് തെന്ന പ്രസങ്ങിച്ചു.

അങ്ങേന കാലം കടന്നു പോയി . ഇരുപതാം നുറ്റാണ്ട് മാറി ഇരുപതിപോന്നാം നുറ്റാണ്ട് ആയി. സ്ടുടെന്റ്സ് ഫെഡറേഷന് ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യയുെട അവസ്നെത്ത രക്തസാക്ഷിയുടെ േപര് മാറി കൊണ്ടിരിന്നു . അങ്ങനെ രക്തസാക്ഷികള് ഇരുപത്തി എട്ടു തികഞ്ഞു. പെകെഷ അപ്പൂല്ലും ആദ്യ രക്തസാക്ഷി സകാവ് ൈസതാലി ആയി തന്നെ തുടര്ന്നു .

അങ്ങെന വര്ഷം 2006 ആയി േകരള നിയമസഭ ഇലക്ഷന് കഴിഞ്ഞു നമ്മുളുേട ഫെഡറേഷനെട വല്യേട്ടന് പാര്ടി ആയ കമ്മുനിസ്ട്ട് പാര്ടി ഓഫ് ഇന്ത്യ ( മാര്ക്സിസ്റ്റ് ) ക്ക് വന് െനട്ടം . ഇടതു പക്ഷ മുന്നണിക്ക് ഭരണം ഉറപ്പായി.

കുന്നംകുളം എനാ കാല്കുംബൂല് തെന്ന നമ്മള്ക്ക് അറിയാം duplicate സാടനങ്ങള് കിട്ടുന്ന സ്ടലമാനെന്നു. അതെ അങ്ങനെ ഒരു ദുഷ്പീര് ഈ സ്ടലത്തിനു ഉണ്ട്. അതിന്റെ സത്യാവസ്ഥ നമാല്ക് അറിയില്ല.
പകെഷ ഇലെക്ഷിണ് രിസല്ടു വനപ്പൂല് മണ്ഡലത്തിലെ MLA ഉടെെ േപര് ബാബു എം പാലിശ്ശേരി അടിലെന്ടാ കുഴപ്പം എന്ന് സകാകള് ചോദിക്കും . എന്താ കുഴപ്പം എന്നോ.. ഈ MLA ഒരു duplicate ആനെട്രാ...

ഇര്യ്പത്ത്യോന്നാം നുറ്റാണ്ടിെല ബാബു എം പാലിശ്ശേരി ഇരുപതാം നുറ്റാണ്ടില് ശന്കര നാരായണന് ആയിരിന്നു.. അെട നമ്മുെട സകാവ് ൈസതാലിെയ രക്തസ്സാക്ഷി പട്ടം ചാര്തിയാ മഹാന്.

ഇത്രയാണ് പിണറായിയുടെ മകന്റെ മിടുക്ക് !

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Sun, 02 Dec 2007 16:05:00 +0000

click on the image to enlarge

THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE IN MALAYALAM IS COPIED FROM HERE

തിരുവനന്തപുരം : ഡിഗ്രി പാസായത് മൂന്നാം ക്ലാസില്‍. രണ്ടാം വര്‍ഷത്തില്‍ അക്കൗണ്ടന്‍സിക്ക് 100ല്‍ കിട്ടിയത് 17 മാര്‍ക്ക്. ഇംപ്രൂവ്മെന്റ് എഴുതിയപ്പോള്‍ ആറു മാര്‍ക്കു കൂടി 23 ആയി.

സഹകരണ മന്ത്രി ജി സുധാകരനും സാഹിത്യനായകന്‍ ടി പത്മനാഭനും മിടുക്കനെന്ന് വാഴ്ത്തിയ പിണറായി വിജയന്റെ മകന്‍ വിവേക് പിണറായിയ്ക്ക് കിട്ടിയ മാര്‍ക്കുകളാണ് ഇത്.

തിരുവനന്തപുരം മാര്‍ ഇവാനിയോസ് കോളജിലാണ് വിവേക് പ്രീഡിഗ്രി പഠിച്ചത്. ജയിച്ചത് രണ്ടാം ക്ലാസില്‍. ഇതേ കോളെജില്‍ തന്നെയാണ് വിവേക് ഡിഗ്രിയ്ക്കും പഠിച്ചത്. ഡിഗ്രി ജയിച്ചത് മൂന്നാം ക്ലാസില്‍.

പ്രീഡിഗ്രിയ്ക്ക് ഒന്നാം ഗ്രൂപ്പും ഡിഗ്രിക്ക് ബികോമുമായിരുന്നു വിവേക് പഠിച്ചത്. ഡിഗ്രി നേടിയ ശേഷം വിവേക് പഠിച്ചത് കളമശേരി എസ് സി എം എസ് (സ്ക്കൂള്‍ ഓഫ് കമ്മ്യൂണിക്കേഷന്‍സ് ആന്റ് മാനേജ്മെന്റ് സ്റ്റഡീസ്) കോളെജിലാണ്. ജിപിസി നായരുടെ ഉടമസ്ഥയിലുളളതാണ് ഈ കോളെജ്. ബിസിനസ് മാനേജ്മെന്റില്‍ ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദത്തിനാണ് വിവേക് ഈ കോളെജ് പ്രവേശനം നേടിയത്.

ബിരുദത്തില്‍ രണ്ടാം ക്ലാസെങ്കിലും നേടിയവര്‍ക്കു മാത്രമേ ഈ കോളെജില്‍ പ്രവേശനം അനുവദിക്കുകയുളളൂവെന്നാണ് ചട്ടം. ഇവര്‍ കാറ്റ്, മാറ്റ് ( CAT - Common Aptitude Test, MAT - Management Aptitude Test) എന്നിവയിലേതെങ്കിലും ഒരു പ്രവേശന പരീക്ഷ വഴിയാണ് പ്രവേശനം നേടേണ്ടെതെന്നും നിഷ്കര്‍ഷിച്ചിട്ടുണ്ട്. എന്നാല്‍ വിവേക് പിണറായിയുടെ കാര്യത്തില്‍ ഈ ചട്ടം പാലിക്കപ്പെട്ടില്ല.

ബികോമിന് വെറും മൂന്നാം ക്ലാസുളള വിവേക് പിണറായി ജിപിസി നായരുടെ കോളെജില്‍ ബിസിനസ് മാനേജ്മെന്റില്‍ ബിരുദാനന്തര ബിരുദം അഭ്യസിച്ചു. പ്രവേശന പരീക്ഷ വേണ്ട, യോഗ്യതയുടെ കാര്യത്തില്‍ മാനേജ്മെന്റ് ദയാപുരസരം ഒരിളവും അനുവദിച്ചു.

എസ് ബി ടിയുടെ കലൂര്‍ ബ്രാഞ്ചില്‍ നിന്നും നാലു ലക്ഷം രൂപ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസ വായ്പയെടുത്താണ് വിവേക് ഈ കോളെജില്‍ പഠിച്ചത്. വായ്പയുടെ ജാമ്യക്കാര്‍ പിണറായി വിജയനും ഭാര്യ കമലാ വിജയനുമായിരുന്നു. 2003ല്‍ സി ഗ്രേഡ് സര്‍ട്ടിഫിക്കറ്റോടെയാണ് വിവേക് ഈ കോഴ്സ് പാസായത്.

2004ല്‍ വിവേക് സ്വന്തം ബിസിനസ് നടത്താന്‍ സിംഗപ്പൂരിലേയ്ക്ക് പോയി. കാര്യമായ നേട്ടമൊന്നുമില്ലാത്തതിനാല്‍ രണ്ടു മാസത്തിനു ശേഷം തിരികെ വന്നു. പിന്നീട് ജോലി തേടി അബുദാബിയില്‍ പോയി. അവിടെയും ശരിപ്പെടാത്തതിനാല്‍ 2005 സെപ്തംബറില്‍ വീണ്ടും നാട്ടിലെത്തി.

പിന്നീടാണ് ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലെ ബര്‍മ്മിംഗ് ഹാം സര്‍വകലാശാലയില്‍ ബിസിനസ് മാനേജ്മെന്റ് പഠിക്കാന്‍ വിവേക് തീരുമാനിച്ചത്. 20 ലക്ഷം രൂപയാണ് ഈ കോഴ്സിനുളള ഫീസ്. ഈ തുക വായ്പയെടുക്കാന്‍ വീണ്ടും കലൂരിലെ എസ് ബി ടി ശാഖയെ സമീപിച്ചു. ഏഴു ലക്ഷം രൂപയ്ക്കു മേലുളള തുക വായ്പ നല്‍കാന്‍ ബാങ്ക് കൊച്ചി ദേശാഭിമാനിയെയാണ് ഈടായി ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടത്. ദേശാഭിമാനിയിലുളള ചിലരുടെ എതിര്‍പ്പിനെ തുടര്‍ന്ന് ഇത് നടക്കാതെ പോയി.

എന്നാല്‍ പിന്നീട് ഈ തുക സംഘടിപ്പിച്ച് വിവേക് ബര്‍മ്മിംഗ് ഹാം സര്‍വകലാശാലയില്‍ പഠനത്തിന് ചേര്‍ന്നു. ഇംഗ്ലണ്ടിലെ താമസം, ഭക്ഷണം, മറ്റ് ചെലവുകള്‍ എന്നിവ കൂടി കണക്കിലെടുത്താല്‍ ഏതാണ്ട് അരക്കോടിക്ക് മേലുളള തുകയാവും ഈ കോഴ്സ് കഴിയുമ്പോള്‍ ആകെ ചെലവ്.

ഇത്രയും ഭീമമായ തുക എവിടെ നിന്നാണ് ലഭിച്ചത് എന്ന ചോദ്യത്തിന് ഇതുവരെ ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടവരാരും മറുപടി പറഞ്ഞിട്ടില്ല. അധിനിവേശ പ്രതിരോധ സമിതിയുടെ ഒരു യോഗത്തില്‍ ഈ ചോദ്യം ചോദിച്ച എഴുത്തുകാരി സാറാ ജോസഫിനെ സഹകരണ മന്ത്രി സുധാകരന്‍ രൂക്ഷമായ പദപ്രയോഗങ്ങള്‍ ഉപയോഗിച്ച് വിമര്‍ശിച്ചിരുന്നു.

മിടുക്കരായ കുട്ടികള്‍ സ്കോളര്‍ഷിപ്പ് നേടി വിദേശത്തു പഠിക്കുന്നതില്‍ ആരും അസൂയപ്പെടേണ്ടെന്ന് എസ് എഫ് ഐ സംസ്ഥാന സെക്രട്ടറി എം സ്വരാജും പറയുന്നു. മാര്‍ക്ക് ലിസ്റ്റില്‍ വെളിപ്പെടാത്ത മറ്റെന്ത് മിടുക്കാണ് വിവേകിനുളളതെന്ന ചോദ്യത്തിന് ആരും ഉത്തരം പറയുന്നുമില്ല.

കത്തോലിക്കാ സഭയ്ക്കെതിരെ ചന്ദ്രഹാസം മുഴക്കുന്ന പിണറായി വിജയന്റെ മകന്‍ മാര്‍ ഇവാനിയോസ് കോളെജിലെ മാനേജ്മെന്റ് ക്വാട്ടയിലാണ് പ്രിഡിഗ്രിക്കും ഡിഗ്രിക്കും പ്രവേശനം നേടിയതെന്ന അറിവും സഖാക്കള്‍ക്ക് പുതിയതാണ്.

ഒന്നുകില്‍ കോഴ അല്ലെങ്കില്‍ സ്വാധീനം, രണ്ടിലേത് ഉപയോഗിച്ചാണ് സ്വന്തം മകനെ പിണറായി വിജയന്‍ പഠിപ്പിച്ചതെന്ന ചോദ്യത്തിന് എം സ്വരാജോ ജി സുധാകരനോ മറുപടി പറയുമെന്ന് തോന്നുന്നുമില്ല

Monitor your Internet bandwidth usage

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Fri, 02 Nov 2007 07:13:00 +0000

This tutorial will guide you in installing, setting up and using AnalogX Netstat Live (which is free) to monitor your Internet usage (uploads and downloads). As a number of ISP’s are now disconnecting customers for using “too much” bandwidth (this one in particular), knowing exactly how much you’ve downloaded (or uploaded) in a given month can be very helpful. Note: the OS X version of this tutorial can be found here.

Download and install AnalogX Netstat Live. The installation is very straight forward - you’ll mostly just click ‘next’ and ‘ok’ a few times. Launch it by clicking Start -> All Programs -> AnalogX -> Netstat Live -> Netstat Live.

Right-click anywhere in the Analog X Netstat Live window. Select Configure from the pop-up window

By default a number of the features are disabled. Click the Disabled button for the following items: Auto Minimize, Auto Start and Close Minimizes. Each one should now be set to Enabled.

By enabling these features, Analog X Netstat Live will launch each time Windows starts up, but automatically minimize to your System Tray. Also, if you open it from the tray (to check and see what your usage currently is) you can click the X button and it won’t actually close Netstat Live, rather it will be minimized back to your System Tray. This is important as Netstat Live must always be running, otherwise your uploads/downloads won’t be accurately tracked.

You can also disable some of the ‘other’ things that NetStat Live monitors. Right-click in the main window, select Statistics and review the items that are monitored. You will very likely want to keep Local Machine, Incoming Data, Incoming Totals, Outgoing Data and Outgoing Totals enabled. The Remote Machine, System Threads and CPU Usage can all be disabled.

Now you can track your Internet bandwidth (upload and downloads) usage. The current monthly total is displayed, along with the previous monthly total and “total since your last reboot”.

If you live in a multiple-computer household, all sharing the same Internet connection, make sure to install AnalogX Netstat Live on each PC (running Windows) so that you can total them up to get your ‘true’ upload and download stats.

fast browsing !

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Fri, 06 Jul 2007 14:12:00 +0000

No matter how big the broadband pipe you use to surf the Web, it's not big enough. Everyone, whether they use a slowpoke dial-up modem or the fastest FiOS line, wants to surf faster.

There's a simple way you can get to Web sites faster, and it won't cost you a penny. You can hack the way your PC uses the Domain Name System (DNS), the technology underlying all Web browsing. It's far simpler to do than you might imagine, as you'll see in this article.

Understanding DNS

Before you start, it's a good idea to get a basic understanding of how DNS works. When you type in a URL such as www.computerworld.com, that URL needs to be translated into a numeric IP address that Web servers and Internet routers can understand. When you type in a URL, a DNS server does the translation, from www.computerworld.com to 65.221.110.98, for example.

DNS servers live on the Internet, and your computer contacts them with the request to do that translation, which is commonly called name resolution. When you use an ISP, your computer will automatically use the default DNS servers specified by your ISP; you typically don't need to set up DNS in any way. If you're on a corporate network, your systems administrator may have set you up to use specific DNS servers.

If there's a delay in contacting the DNS server, or if the DNS server takes too much time resolving the address, you'll face a delay in getting to a Web site. So even if you've got the world's fattest pipe, your Web surfing will be slowed down.

If you could speed up the name resolution in some way, you'd be able to speed up your Web surfing. And that's exactly what I'll show you how to do.

Speed up Web browsing with OpenDNS

Here's the simplest way to hack DNS to speed up your Web browsing: Use free, superfast DNS servers run by the OpenDNS service instead of your ISP's DNS servers. OpenDNS has a monstrously big DNS cache, with DNS servers around the world, so you'll be able to retrieve IP addresses from it more quickly than from your ISP's DNS servers.

As I'll explain a little later in this article, the service includes other benefits as well, such as letting you create browser shortcuts so that you could go to www.computerworld.com, for example, by just typing the letter c in your browser and pressing Enter.

The addresses of the OpenDNS servers are 208.67.222.222 for a primary DNS server and 208.67.220.220 for a secondary server.

To use the OpenDNS servers, you'll have to tell your computer to use them. If you have Windows XP, first select Control Panel --> Network and Internet Connections --> Network Connections, right-click your network connection from the Network Connections window, and select Properties. A dialog box like that shown below appears.


Highlight the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) listing and select Properties in order to get to a dialog box that will let you use OpenDNS server. (Click image to see larger view.)

Scroll down to the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) listing and select Properties. At the bottom of the screen, select "Use the following DNS server addresses." For the Preferred DNS server, enter this address: 208.67.222.222. For the Alternative DNS server, enter this address: 208.67.220.220. Click OK, and then click Close and Close again. Restart your PC in order for the settings to take effect. The figure below shows the screen filled out properly.


	Telling your PC to use the OpenDNS servers. (Click image to see larger view.)

If you're using Windows Vista, select Control Panel --> Network and Internet --> Network and Sharing Center. Click the View Status link on the right side of the screen. The Local Connection Status screen appears, as shown in the figure below. Click Properties.


	Click Properties in order to get to a dialog box that will let you use OpenDNS servers. (Click image to see larger view.)

You'll come to the same dialog box as you would for XP that lets you use the OpenDNS servers. Follow the same directions as for using OpenDNS on XP, and you'll be set.

When you configure a PC to use OpenDNS, only that PC will be able to use the OpenDNS servers. If you want all of the PCs on your network to use the servers, you can tell your router to use the OpenDNS servers, and then all of your PCs on the network will follow suit. That way, you won't have to configure each individual PC.

The way you do this will vary from router to router, and it changes according to whether you're using a router for a home office/small office or a larger corporate router. For a small office/home office router, you'll log into your router, look for the DNS settings, and then use the OpenDNS settings of 208.67.222.222 for the primary DNS server and 208.67.220.220 for the alternative DNS server.

Whether you run a small network or larger network, you can get benefits beyond faster DNS. The service also gives you DNS management tools such as domain blocking. It also gives you statistics and charts about your network's DNS use.

On Linksys SRX 400 and many other Linksys routers, log into your router by going to the log-in page at 192.1681.1, using admin as the password and leaving the username blank. Scroll down the page until you come to the Static DNS 1 and Static DNS 2, as shown in the figure below. Click Save Settings. Restart your router and the PCs on your network, and they will begin using the OpenDNS DNS servers.


	Change the DNS settings on this screen to use the OpenDNS servers for your entire network. (Click image to see larger view.)

If you run a corporate network and need help getting it set up, your best bet is to go to the OpenDNS FAQ page.

Note that OpenDNS may not work when using a virtual private network. For example, I wasn't able to get it to work using a Cisco VPN. And if you're on a corporate network, you should check with your systems administrator before using OpenDNS.

OpenDNS also lets you create shortcuts that let you visit Web sites by typing in a letter or group of letters instead of a full URL. To do that, you'll first need to register, which is free. After you do that, go to the site, log in, and click the Shortcuts link. On the page that appears, type in the shortcut text in the top box, and the URL in the bottom box and click Create Shortcut. From now on, when you type the shortcut text into your browser window, you'll be sent to the full URL.

You can also add the OpenDNS bookmarklet (found at the bottom of the page) to your browser and, in that way, create a shortcut no matter where you are on the Internet.


	Creating a shortcut in OpenDNS. (Click image to see larger view.)

Speed up Web access with a HOSTS file

There's another way to speed up DNS -- by creating or editing a local HOSTS file on your own PC that contains URLs (also called hostnames) and their corresponding IP addresses. Windows will first look there to see whether there's an entry for the hostname, and if it finds it, it will resolve the address itself. That way, you won't have to go out to a DNS server and wait for the response before visiting a Web site.

The HOSTS file is a plain-text file you can create or edit with a text editor like Notepad. You should find an existing HOSTS file in C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\Etc\HOSTS in both Windows XP and Windows Vista. (In some versions of Windows, it may be located in C:\Winnt\System32\Drivers\HOSTS). The file has no extension; it is named only HOSTS. If you don't find one, create it in Notepad.

Open the HOSTS file in Notepad and enter the IP addresses and hostnames of your commonly visited Web sites, like this:
65.221.110.98 computerworld.com

Each entry in the file should be on one line. The IP address should be in the first column, and the corresponding hostname in the next column. At least one space should separate the two columns. When you're finished editing the file, save it to its existing location.

Make sure to check your HOSTS file regularly and keep it up-to-date, or else you might deny yourself access to certain Web sites. For example, if www.computerworld.com were to change its IP address but your HOSTS file kept the old, incorrect address, your browser would not be able to find the site.

Adjust Windows' DNS cache

To speed up DNS, Windows puts the DNS information into a local DNS cache on your PC when you visit a site. So when you want to go to a site, Windows first looks in its local DNS cache, called the resolve cache, to see whether the DNS information is contained there. That way, if it finds the information locally, it doesn't have to look in your HOSTS file or query a remote DNS server to find IP information. The cache is made up of recently queried names and entries taken from your HOSTS file.

The cache contains both negative and positive entries. Positive entries are those in which the DNS lookup succeeded and you were able to connect to the Web site. When Windows looks in the cache, if it finds a positive entry, it immediately uses that DNS information and sends you to the requested Web site.

Negative entries are those in which no match was found, and you end up getting a "Cannot find server or DNS" error in your browser. Similarly, when Windows looks in the cache and finds a negative entry, it gives you the error message without bothering to go out to the site.

Negative entries can lead to problems. When you try to make a connection to a site that has a negative entry in your cache, you'll get an error message, even if the site's problems have been resolved and it's now reachable.

You can solve this problem, though, using a Registry hack. By default, Windows caches negative entries for five minutes. After five minutes, they're cleared from your cache.

But if you'd like, you can force Windows not to cache these negative entries so that you'll never run into this problem. Run the Registry Editor by typing Regedit at a command prompt or the Windows Vista search box, and press Enter. Then go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters. Create a new DWORD value with the name NegativeCacheTime and give it a value of 0. (The value might already exist. If it does, edit its value to 0.)

The DWORD determines how much time, in seconds, to keep negative entries in the DNS cache. If you like, you can have the entries stay alive for one second by giving the DWORD a value of 1.

After you're done editing, exit the Registry. To make the change take effect, restart your computer, or flush your cache by issuing the command ipconfig /flushdns at a command prompt. The command will flush your DNS cache -- all the entries, both positive and negative, will be flushed -- and it will be empty until you start visiting Web sites. Negative entries, however, will not be added to the cache if you've given the DWORD a value of 0.

You can also use the Registry to control the amount of time positive entries are kept in the DNS cache. By default, they are kept for 24 hours. To change the default, go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters again and create a DWORD value called MaxCacheEntryTtlLimit. (If it's already present, just edit the value.) For the value, enter the amount of time you want the entry to remain, in seconds, making sure to use decimals as the base.

If you run into other DNS problems, see the related story, "Fix your DNS problems."

Note: Some of the content for this article was taken from my upcoming book The Big Book of Windows Hacks and from Windows XP Hacks.

Preston Gralla is a contributing editor for Computerworld and the author of more than 35 books, including Windows Vista in a Nutshell.

Barking at Bush !

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Mon, 02 Jul 2007 17:37:00 +0000

"Benim Adım Kırmızı"....my name is red!

"The devil came here yesterday. And this place still smells of sulphur"
- Hugo Chavez
President, Venezula.
At UN General Assembly directed at Bush.

anyway i wont join de hate bush campaign.
i just admires the guts of chavez.

can any so called communsits in India say dis wen dey r in power...
i doubt dey cant
no am sure dey cant !

dey will wen dey r not in power...and even when dey bark at bush some one keenly observing can know dat dey r saying all this just to show people why r dey called comunsists.

lemme rise ma doubt here...is communisms all about barking at bush ?

when am writing dis the cpi(m) is counting the 2 crores dey got from santiago martin....but dis time to return dat back .

so man is dis also a creation of the so called media syndicate..?

hey dont think loudly some one can hear ur answer to ma question...and if it is no....

den...

just imagine....wat u will b..in the eyes of the comrade from pinarayi >>?

yup you got it write.......ur also part of the media syndicate.....dats wat de words dat will b faling out of his mouth.

lemme finish dis in the pinarayi style.....

sundaraviddykalkku nallanmaskaaram

Politics Explained

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Fri, 08 Jun 2007 13:16:00 +0000

FEUDALISM: You have two cows. Your lord takes some of the milk.

PURE SOCIALISM: You have two cows. The government takes them and puts them in a barn with everyone else's cows. You have to take care of all of the cows. The government gives you as much milk as you need.

BUREAUCRATIC SOCIALISM: You have two cows. The government takes them and put them in a barn with everyone else's cows. They are cared for by ex-chicken farmers. You have to take care of the chickens the government took from the chicken farmers. The government gives you as much milk and eggs as the regulations say you need.

FASCISM: You have two cows. The government takes both, hires you to take care of them and sells you the milk.

PURE COMMUNISM: You have two cows. Your neighbors help you take care of them, and you all share the milk.

RUSSIAN COMMUNISM: You have two cows. You have to take care of them, but the government takes all the milk.

CAMBODIAN COMMUNISM: You have two cows. The government takes both of them and shoots you.

DICTATORSHIP: You have two cows. The government takes both and drafts you.

PURE DEMOCRACY: You have two cows. Your neighbors decide who gets the milk.

REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY: You have two cows. Your neighbors pick someone to tell you who gets the milk.

BUREAUCRACY: You have two cows. At first the government regulates what you can feed them and when you can milk them. Then it pays you not to milk them. Then it takes both, shoots one, milks the other and pours the milk down the drain. Then it requires you to fill out forms accounting for the missing cows.

PURE ANARCHY: You have two cows. Either you sell the milk at a fair price or your neighbors try to take the cows and kill you.

(Original source unknown . . . )

yahooo city !

noreply@blogger.com (anto) — Thu, 31 May 2007 15:42:00 +0000

yahoo city now in beta stage....
http://in.ourcity.yahoo.com